Allantion

ALLANTION (SKIN
CARE)
 INTRODUCTION
Formula : C4H6N4O3.
IPACE name : (2,5-Dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)Urea.
Color : White to colorless powder or crystals .
Molecular weight: 158.12 g/mol.
Melting point :239 c.
Odor : Odorless.
HISTORY
Allantion was first isolated in 1800 by the
Italian physician Michele Francesco Buniva
(1761-1834)and the French chemist Louis
Nicolas Vauquelin, who mistakenly believed
To be present in the amniotic fluid.
In 1821 , The french chemist jean louis
lassaigne found it in the fluid of the allantois;
he called it “l acide allantoique”.
In 1837 ; the German chemists Friedrich
Wohler and justus Liebig synthesized it from
uric acid and renamed it “allantoin”
Allantoin is a heterocyclic compound derived
from purine with the chemical formula
C4H6N4O3 ,It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin
or glyoxyldiureide.
Allantoin is naturally produced by many
organisms ,including animals , bacteria and
plants including sugar beet , tobacco seed ,
chamomile and wheat sprout.
It can be found in botanical extracts of the
comfrey plant as well as in urine from cows
and other mammals.
It is product of the oxidation of uric acid , it is also a product
of purine metabolism in most mammals except for higher
apes , and it is present in their urine.
In human uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin , the
present of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of
microbial overgrowth or it can be created via non enzymatic
means through high levels of reactive oxygen species .
In this regard , allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of
oxidative stress.
Allantoin is frequently present in toothpaste , mouth washes ,
shampoos , lipsticks , anti_acen product , and lotions for the
purpose of moisturizing skin , enchancing the smoothness of
skin , simulating the healing of wounds , and soothing irritated
skin.
In purine metabolism in many mammals except
humans and higher apes , the enzyme urate oxidase
( uricase ) break down the uric acid into a soluble
substance , allantoin
Is generally produced by the oxidation of uric acid ,
and by chemical synthesis via purine oxidation .
‫انتاج االنتوين طبيعيا‬
The allantoise , from which allantoin got its
name , is an embryonic excretory organ
present in most mammals except humans and
higher apes , in which the compound
accumulates .
Animals produce allantois as a by product of
purine metabolism , in which the waste
product uric acid is oxidized and broken down
and which help uric acid to break down is a
special enzyme which is urate oxidase(uricase)
‫المستحضرات التي تحتوي على‬
ALLANITION
 Wide range of cosmetic , skin and personal
care products contain allantion as an
ingredient these include sunscreens , lip
balm , lip sticks , moisturizing body creams ,
body lotions , acne treatments , skin
lighteners creams , toothpaste and hand
creams .
‫آلية عالجه لحروق الجلد‬
Biochemically , allantion speeds up wound
healing by stimulating new skin cell growth and
is sometimes used to treat radiation skin burns
in those who are undergoing radiation
treatment for cancer .
Studies show that allantoin possesses
moisturizing and keratolytic effect , as well as
abilities increase the water content of the
extracellular matrix and enhance the
desquamation of upper layers of dead skin
cells , all of which are activities that promote
cell proliferation and facilitate wound healing
 The moisturizing effect results from its ability
to increase the water bounded to the
intercellular matrix and keratin, thereby
softening skin and making the skin look
healthier. The soothing, anti-irritant and skin
protectant effect is due to the ability of
Allantoin to form complexes and neutralize
many irritant and sensitizing agents. Allantoin
enhances epidermal cell-proliferation,
promotes the regeneration of damaged
epitelium and accelerates wound healing.
‫دورو بالتفصيل‬
-Promotion and acceleration of cell proliferation
 Keratolytic action
 - Soothing action
 - Beneficial influence on skin moisture
 The effects of allantoin on wound healing is as follows: Unwanted

dead tissue is first removed and the wound area is cleansed. This is
followed, as an essential effect of Allantoin, by promotion and
acceleration of cell proliferation, with growth of healthy granular
tissue and finally epithelialisation. In the majority of cases wound
pain disappears after the first applications. The keratolytic action of
Allantoin is also important from the practical point of view.
Allantoin also promotes cell proliferation and swift epithelialisation
in skin areas which are superficially injured, heavily stressed, or
exposed to harsh weather. Skin irritation, roughness, chapped skin,
and other unpleasant features disappear. Application of Allantoin to
intact skin on the face and the body leads to a soft, smooth and
healthy appearance
‫الملخص‬
Allantoin is a skin active ingredient keratolytic,
moisturizing, soothing, properties, promotes
the renewal of epidermal cell and accelerates
wounds healing. Allantoin is safe and non-
irritant and non -toxic