Concept of Health

and Disease
 Healthcare Providers
Healthcare providers attend to the
needs of the people in the
community. They provide notable
services at any time of the day,
especially in emergency situation.
 COMPONENTS OF
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
A healthcare system consist of
five legitimate components:
1. Organization
2. Internal system
3. Individuals
4. Healthcare professionals
5. Community
RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
The individual rights of healthcare
providers are as follows:
1.Be treated with respect as a person
2.Be involved in whatever care they need
3.Have a written agreement covering the
services the healthcare providers have agreed
upon
4.Have the care and services be reviewed
5.Have privacy and confidentially of personal
information
6.Have a compensation that is just and fair,
transparent, and accessible
7.Have equal access to due process and
opportunities
Every healthcare provider assumes these
common responsibilities:
1.Respect the rights of the patients
2.Solicit informed consent from the patients
before treatment and examination
3.Provide basic first aid in case of emergency as
dictated by duty
4.Attends to the needs of the patients depending
on the authority given
5.Provide a seamless continuum of care
6.Deliver services effectively and efficiently
without compromising quality
7.Spend public funds prudently and wisely
8.Provide a clear policy about healthcare
professionals reporting concerns about risks
for patients
9.Provide a safe working environment
10.Respect healthcare personnel
11.Ensure wheelchair accessibility
12.Ensure the continuous care is available
13.Be within reach, or on stand-by in a
specific place
 DUTIES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES OF
PATIENTS
1.Patients should communicate openly to
healthcare providers.
2.Patients should provide their complete medical
history.
3.Patients and physicians should mutually agree
on the treatment and goals of therapy.
4.Patients should pay the physician and
healthcare providers with just compensation for
the services rendered.
5.Patients should be committed to health
maintenance by demonstrating health enhancing
behavior.
6.Patients should show concern for other people.
7.Patients should participate in medical
education.
RIGHTS OF PATIENT
1.The right to information
2.The right to choose medical care providers
3.The right to self -determination
4.The right to religious belief
5.The right to medical records
6.The right to leave the hospital premises
7.The right to refuse to be subject of medical
research
8.The right to express grievances
 Health
The World Health Organization (WHO)
defines health as “a complete physical,
mental, and social well-being and not the
absence of illness or injury.”
 WELLNESS
Wellness is discerned as a positive
endpoint of the health continuum. From
the philosophical point of view, wellness is
treated as the sum or total of physical,
emotional, social, and spiritual well-being
that enables a person to achieve his/her
full potential for the enjoyment of life.
DETERMINANTS OF GOOD
HEALTH
1.Host factors
2.Social factors
3.Lifestyle
4.Environmental factors
DIMENSIONS OF GOOD HEALTH
AND WELL-BEING
1.Intellectual dimension
2.Environmental dimension
3.Financial dimension
4.Physical dimension
5.Emotional dimension
*All of these parameters of good health are
enveloped within the guidelines of WHO, that is,
one’s body and mind are tuned to send signals for
any malfunctioning, dysfunctioning, or non-
functioning activities which are normally called
“symptoms.”
CONCEPTS OF DISEASES
 DISEASE
Disease is a state or conditions in
which maladjustment
(physiological or psychological) is
present. A disease occurs when
there is an interaction among the
host, agents, and environment.
 HISTORICAL THEORIES FOR
THE CAUSATION OF DISEASE
Historical theories provide concrete evidence
regarding the cause of disease. These theories
include: (1) Supernatural causes and karma
which explains that disease is brought about
by the bad things done to others or by the
works of supernatural beings. (2) Theory of
humors in which humor means fluid.
 THEORY OF HUMORS
Humor is derived from the Latin word umor and
the medieval word humor.
When the four humors are balanced and
working harmoniously together, the condition is
called “eucrasia.” However, when the four
humors are imbalanced and not working
together, the condition is known as “dyscrasia.”
MIASMATIC THEORY OF DISEASE

The miasmatic theory of disease became

popular in the Middle Ages when a killer
disease called malaria was caused by
miasma. The disease’s name came from
the Indian words “mala” (bad) “aria” (air).
According to the theory, the cause of
disease is evidenced by the presence of
poisonous vapor in the air containing
suspended particles of decaying matter.
THEORY OF CONTAGION
According to this theory, contagion can occur by
direct or indirect contact through inanimate
objects and done through long-distance
transmission. One example is pulmonary
tuberculosis which is acquired by person-to-
person contact.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD
The epidemiological triad is a traditional
model of infectious disease that involves
the agent, host, and environment. This
model holds that when host and agent
combine, they cause disease that occurs in
the body of the host but it requires a vector
coming from the environment that
transmits or transfers the disease from one
host to another.
MULTI-FACTORIAL CAUSATION
Multi-factorial causation holds that the
concept of epidemiology is not applicable to
diseases caused by different factors such as
coronary heart disease (caused by many
factors). Understanding the various
causative factors is important in order to
make plans and preventive measures to
prevent diseases.
WEB OF CAUSATION
A disease is not only caused by a single
isolated agent but also develops from a
chain of causations in which each fractions
is the result of a result of a series of
interactions with other agents. Such a
complex chain of causation is called a web
of causation.
HEALTH, DISEASE, AND
ILLNESS
Health is described as an important part of
well-being.
Disease, on the other hand, is the
malfunctioning or dysfunctioning of organ
systems or tissues, which causes physical
or mental disturbance.
Illness or sickness is a more subjective
concept related to personal experience of a
disease and varies from one person to
another.
2 CATEGORIES OF DISEASE

1.Infectious diseases
2.Chronic diseases
CONCEPT OF PREVENTION
OF DISEASE

1. Primordial prevention
2. Specific prevention
 VIRTUES OF HEALTHCARE
PROVIDERS
The virtues of healthcare providers are
categorized into cardinal virtues that are internal
or inherent in them and virtues according to
professional commitment and outcomes that
actualize such commitment.
VIRTUES OF HEALTHCARE
PROVIDERS

PRUDENCE
JUSTICE
FORTITUDE
TEMPERANCE
 VIRTUES ACCORDING TO
PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENTS
• FIDELITY TO TRUST
• INTELLECTUAL HONESTY
• COURAGE
• BENEVOLENCE
• COMPASSION
• TRUTHFULNESS