Laboratory department

Prepared by
Hatem Tareq Dheer
120152272
Supervisor:
Dr. Nedal Toman
 What Is a Laboratory?
• A laboratory is a room or a place equipped for
the performance of tests, experimentation,
investigative processes .
 Medical laboratory
• A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is
a laboratory where tests are done on clinical
specimens in order to get information about
the health of a patient as pertaining to the
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of
disease.
 Lab equipment

Lab. equipment refers to the various tools used

by scientists working in a laboratory.
 Microscopy
What is a microscope?
• Is an optical instrument consisting of a combination
of lenses which magnifies the image of the object
seen through it.
• It is used for the morphological study of a very
small organisms which are not visible by naked eye.

Micro= small scope=to view

 Types of microscopes

• Simple
• Compound
• Electron
 Incubator

• Is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological

cultures.

• The incubator maintains optimal temperature,

humidity and other conditions such as the carbon
dioxide (CO2) and oxygen content of the atmosphere
inside.
Incubator
 Autoclave
• An autoclave is a pressure chamber used
to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting
them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 °C for
around 15–20 minutes depending on the size of the
load and the contents.

• Used to sterilize culture media, discard, and other

equipments.
Autoclave
 Oven

• device used in sterilization.

• oven uses dry heat to sterilize.
• It used to sterilize items that might be damaged by
moist heat (e.g., glasswares, powders, oils).
 Laboratory refrigerator
Is used for a wide variety of purposes such as:

• maintenance and storage of stock culture

between subculturing periods.

• storage of sterile media to prevent dehydration.

• also used as repository for thermolable solutions, antibiotics

and serums.
Lab. refrigerator
 Centrifuge
• is an apparatus that rotates at high speed
and separates substances of different densities.
 Balance
• used to measure an object’s mass to a very high
degree of precision.
 hot plate / stir plate
• used to heat and stir substances.

Magnetic stirring bars

 Water bath
• is a device that maintains water at a
constant temperature.
• It is used in the microbiological laboratory
for incubations.
 Biological Safety Cabinets
• is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace
for safely working with materials contaminated
with pathogens.
 Bunsen burner
is a common piece of laboratory equipment that
produces a single open gas flame, which is used for
heating and sterilization.
 Inoculating loops and needles
• Inoculating loops are used to transfer microorganisms to
growth media or for staining slides.

• The wire forms a small loop with a diameter of about 5 mm.

• The loop of wire at the tip may be
made of platinum or nichrome.
• Needles are straight wires (no loop) used to pick
up bacteria from closely packed colonies or to
inoculate in a very defined area.
• needles commonly used to inoculate semi-soft
media.
 Anaerobic jar
• is an instrument used in the production of an
anaerobic environment.
• This method of anaerobiosis is used to
culture bacteria which die or fail to grow in
presence of oxygen.
 Glassware
Glass slide and cover slip

• Glass slide:
used to place specimens on to observe under the microscope.

• Cover slip:
used to cover specimens on a microscope slide.
slide and coverslip
 Glassware
Petri dishes
• often used to make agar plates for microbiology studies.
• The dish is partially filled with warm liquid containing agar and a
mixture of specific ingredients that may include:
• nutrients
• blood
• salts
• Carbohydrates
• dyes
• indicators
• amino acids
or
• antibiotics
 Glassware
• Pipet and Graduated Cylinders

• Glass or plastic
• Used to measure liquid volume.
• Graduated in ml.
Graduated Cylinders Pipet
 Glassware
Beaker
• Glass or plastic
• Used to stir, heat(if glass) and measure liquid volume
in ml.
 Glassware
Flask
• Glassware used to heat and store substances.
 Glassware
Funnel
aids in pouring liquids into small openings without
spilling them.
 Glassware
• Test tube
used to mix, heat or store substances.

• Test tube rack

used to hold test tubes.
 wash Bottles
• used to rinse various pieces of laboratory
glassware.
 Filter paper
• special paper used to separate solids from
liquids.
Lab Safety

NSF North Mississippi GK-8

Why is Lab Safety Important?
 Lab safety is a major aspect of every lab
based science class.
 Lab safety rules and symbols are needed
to prevent injures.

NSF North Mississippi GK-8

Clothing
Wear: Do NOT Wear:
• Goggles/safety glasses • Sandal
• Closed-toed shoes • s
• Clothing made of • Jewelry
natural based Loose or Baggy
fiber such as clothing
• cotton
Tie back long hair

NSF North Mississippi GK-8

Lab Safety Symbols

 Glassware  Electrical
 Heat  Animal
 Eye and Face  Chemical
 Sharps  Fire

NSF North Mississippi GK-8

Reasons for proper waste
disposal
 Hazardous chemicals down the drain can
lead to pollution of ground water, lakes,
rivers, etc.
 Plants and animals will die if they are
exposed to hazardous chemical waste.
 Serious health problems will become
present in people if hazardous waste finds
its way into drinking water.

NSF North Mississippi GK-8

End