Group members:

Fazallah Ashiq Ali

Faisal Tehseen
Ahsan Raza
Shiekh shayan
Measure of
Dispersion
Introduction:
 The measure that helps us to know about the
spread of the data is called measure of
Dispersion.
Examples of measure of Dispersion
are:
=> Range
=>Standard deviation
=> Variance
Importance of Measure of Dispersion :

 It is one of the most important quantities used to

characterize frequency distribution.
 It affords a basis of comparison between two or
more frequency distributions.
Samples and Populations
 population:
A population is all the individuals
or units of interest; typically, there is not
available data for almost all individuals in a
population.

Example:
The population is cows of the same
breed on dairy farms.
Sample:
A sample is a subset of the
individuals in a population; there is typically
data available for individuals in samples.

Example:
The sample is the 50 cows.
Mean:
The mean, also called the arithmetic
mean, is the most frequently used measure of
central tendency.

Mean = Sum of all values/ Number of values

The mean calculated for sample data is

denoted by (read as “x bar”), and the mean
calculated for population data is denoted by
(Greek letter mu).
Median

The median the value of the middle term in

a data set that has been ranked in increasing
order.

Calculating the median for ungrouped data odd number of data

values.
10,824 18,038 20,352 40,911 49,723 61,848 173,175
Median
Mode
 The mode is the value that occurs with the
highest frequency in a data set.

Example
77 82 74 81 79 84 74 78 Find the mode.

In this data set, 74 occurs twice, and each of the remaining

values occurs only once. Because 74 occurs with the highest
frequency, it is the mode.
Range
 It is obtained by taking the difference
between the largest and the smallest values
in a data set.

Finding the Range for Ungrouped Data Range = Largest value - Smallest value
Variance and Standard Deviation
 The standard deviation is the most-used
measure of dispersion. The value of the
standard deviation tells how closely the
values of a data set are clustered around the
mean
 The variance calculated for population data is
denoted by (read as sigma squared),2 and the
variance calculated for sample data is denoted by
s2.
Sample Standard Deviation (Shortcut
Formula)

n (x ) - (x)
2 2

s=
n (n - 1)
Formula 2-5
Example: Publix check-out waiting
times in minutes
Data: 1, 4, 10. Find the sample mean and
sample standard deviation. Using the shortcut
x xx ( x  x )2 x2 formula:

n x 2    x 
2
1 1-5= -4 16 1
s
4 -1 1 16 n(n  1)
n=3
10 5 25 100
3(117 )  15
2
15 42 117 
15 3(3  1)
x
3
 5.0 min
x  (x  x)  x
2 2

351  225 126

 
  x  x  2
42 6 6
s   21  4.6 min  21  4.6 min
n 1 3 1
Thank you