Exercise 2

The Motherboard

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 Motherboard Form Factors

 AT-Type

 Baby or Mini AT

 ATX-Type

 Proprietary Designs

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Proprietary Motherboard

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 ATX
Motherboard

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 Some motherboards are designed
for the original Pentium Processor

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Others are designed for the
Pentium II Processor

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AT
AT Motherboard
Motherboard with
with
Pentium
Pentium CPU
CPU

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Power Distribution

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 Black
Black
Wires
Wires

AT-Motherboard
AT-Motherboard Power
Power Connectors
Connectors
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PPoow
weerr CCo
onnnneect
ctoorr

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Edge View of Motherboard

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 Voltages supplied to the
motherboard
 + 5 Volts

 - 5 Volts

 + 12 Volts

 - 12 Volts

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Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator

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CPU
CPU Socket
Socket

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The MPU

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The Pin Grid Array (PGA) Socket.

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MPU

Soc
k et

Lever

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2.

1.
1.

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3.
3.

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4.

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 Fan
Fan

Heat
Heat Sink
Sink
CPU
CPU
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 Industry Standard Architecture
(ISA) Bus.
 8-MHz Speed
 Supports 8-bit and 16-bit data transfer
 Used for slow speed operations such as
modems and sound cards.

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ISA
ISA BUS
BUS
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 16-bit Cards

8-bit Cards

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 ISA boards installed.

16-Bit
16-Bit

8-Bit
8-Bit

Motherboard

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 Peripheral Component
Interconnect (PCI) Bus
 33 MHz
 Handles 32-bit and 64-bit data transfers
 Processor independent
 Supports Plug and Play

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PCI
PCI BUS
BUS

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SIMMs
SIMMs

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Single In-line Memory Module (SIMM)

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Cache
Cache
Memory
Memory

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 The Chip Set

 The support chips that make the

microprocessor a microcomputer.
 Applications Specific Integrated Circuits
(ASICs) that provide the signals,
controllers, interfaces and buffers that the
system needs to operate.

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Chipset
Chipset

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 Main functions of the Chipset
 A System Controller handles timing,
interrupt and DMA control, and power
management.
 A Memory Controller provides
interconnection and control of memory
systems.
 A Peripheral Controller connects the MPU
to internal and external devices such as disk
drives, buses, and peripherals.
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Super
Super I/O
I/O
Controller
Controller

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 Super I\O Controller

 Interface to the floppy drive.

 Interface to serial ports.
 Interface to parallel ports.

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Keyboard
Keyboard
Controller
Controller

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 Keyboard Controller
 Communicates with the microprocessor in
the keyboard.
 Performs a parity check.
 Converts serial data from the keyboard into
the parallel data needed by the computer.
 Generates an interrupt to alert the system
that a key has been depressed.

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ROM
ROM
BIOS
BIOS

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 Identifying the ROM BIOS.

Socket

Version # R3.60

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Electrically-Erasable
PROM… EEPROM

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Real
Real Time
Time
Clock
Clock

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 The Real Time Clock (RTC)
contains:
 Clock
 CMOS memory
 And in some cases the battery.

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CMOS is used to hold SETUP
information.

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 The FRUs on the Motherboard
include:
 The MPU
 Any board plugged into the PCI bus.
 Any board plugged into the ISA bus.
 The SIMMs
 The ROM BIOS

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 9.6 ”

ATX
Motherboard

12 ”

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Power Distribution

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ATX-Motherboard
ATX-Motherboard Power
Power Connector
Connector
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Motherboard Power
Connector

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 eerr
o
o w
PP weccttoorr
n n
n e
CCoon
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Power Supply Output Voltages
ATX-Type

 +5 Volts

 +12 Volts

 -12 Volts

 -5 Volts

 +3.3 Volts

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 Pentium
Pentium 4,
4,
Heat
Heat Sink
Sink &
& Fan
Fan

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ISA Bus?

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PCI
PCI Bus
Bus

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AGP
AGP

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Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)

 Operates at twice the speed of the PCI bus

or at 66MHz.
 Even higher speed versions are being
developed.
 Presently used only by Video Cards

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DIMMs
DIMMs
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Dual In-line Memory Modules (DIMMs)
have components and pin
connections on both sides of board.

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Chipset
Chipset

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Super
Super I/O
I/O
Controller
Controller

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 ROM
ROM BIOS
BIOS
Battery
Battery

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I/O
I/O Ports
Ports

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I/O Ports

10101 10101

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The motherboard is the heart and
soul of the computer.

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