ANG TAMANG

PRESYO AT
MARKET NG
PRODUCTO

Asst. Prof. LUZVIMINDA AN

ABACAN
Faculty

Presyo at Merkado
28 Hulyo 2016
BSU-Rosario Campus
 PRESYO SA PAG- PRESYO SA PAG-BEBENTA
BEBENTA NG CASH KUNG PAUTANG

SEIPI
 ANG PAG Sitwasyon A.

TATALAGA Bilang ng pinagbentahan x presyo kada piraso = kabuoang kita

1000 x 60 = Php6000
NG PRESYO
SA ISANG
Sitwasyon B.

Bilang ng pinagbentahan x presyo kada piraso = kabuoang kita

PRODUCTO 1000 x 40 = Php4000

Mga dapat isaalang-alang:
a. Pang-kabuoang gastos:
Transportasyon

Gastos sa pagbebenta

Promosyon ng produkto
Mga dapat isaalang-alang:
Imbakan ng produkto
c. Di nababagong gastos:
Supply sa opisina Makinarya at kagamitan

Pagsasa-ayos Sweldo ng empleyado

Taxes o buwis Gastos sa promosyon

Pasweldo

b. Pabago-bagong gastos
Materyales sa pag-gawa ng

producto
Gastos sa koryenta, tubig at

kumunikasyon
 Gastos sa pag-bebenta
Mga dapat isaalang-alang:
a. Pang-kabuoang gastos:
Transportasyon
  Imbakan ng producto
Mga dapat isaalang-alang:
a. Pang-kabuoang gastos:
Promosyon ng producto
  Buwis at lisensya
Mga dapat isaalang-alang:
a. Pang-kabuoang gastos:
Supply sa opisina
Mga dapat isaalang-alang: b. Pabago-bagong gastos
Materyales sa pag-gawa ng producto
b. Pabago-bagong gastos
Pa-sweldo
Mga dapat isaalang-alang: c. Di nababagong gastos:
b. Pabago-bagong gastos Makinarya at kagamitan
Gastos sa koryente, tubig at

kumunikasyon
 c. Di nababagong gastos:
Gastos sa promosyon
Mga dapat isaalang-alang:
c. Di nababagong gastos:
Sweldo ng empleyado
 Isang Paraan ng Pag- saliksik sa
tamang Preesyo Mark-up (nais na tubo):

Halimbawa: Retail Store (sari-sari store)

Benta (1000 DWL@Php60) 60,000.00 Dagdag sa presyo x 100= aktwal na presyo
Total Cost Presyo ng produkto
Fixed Costs 1200
Variable cost 1500 2,700
Php 53,700.00 Php65.00 x 100
Gross margin (gastos kada produkto)
60.00
= 108 or .08%
Average cost = 2,700.00
1000
= 2.70
Estratehiya ng tamang presyo:
Pautang (credit) na pagbebenta ng
produkto:
a. Mababang presyo – mapadami
ang bumibili o makasabay sa presyo
a.ka-partner na tindahan/store
ng kakumpetensya.
b. myembro ng asosasyon/cooperative
b. Mataas na presyo- upang
maipakilala ang produkto at kalidad
c. taga-pangalakal o distributor
nito.
 Mga Dapat Isaalang-alang sa
Pautang/Credit Status: Pagpapa-utang;
a. Magbabayad ba ayon sa a.integridad o ugali (character)
pinagkasuduan?

b. Magbabayad ba ang pinautang? b. pagmamay-ari (capital)

c. Kailan mag-babayad? c. kakayanan (capacity)

d. Kung wala pang kakayanang d. pangyayari (conditions)

magbayad anu ang mga paraan
upang mabayadan ito kaagad? e. iba pang kakayanan (collateral)
Marketing/Promotion:

a. Personal na pagbebenta

Thank
b. Paghahatid sa pamilihan

c. Presentasyon sa pag-bebenta

d. Kumisyon sa pag-bebenta

e. Trade shows/events
(expo,tiange,mall trade)
f. Promosyon ng producto you!
g. Advertisement/pagpapakilala
WORLD INFORMATION/ ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

• ONE OF THE LARGEST INDUSTRIES IN MANUFACTURING

SECTOR: > US$1 trillion output, 6-8% annual growth

Worldwide Production
US$ 1.338T
1400
1200
1000
US$Billion

800
600
400
200
0
2002 2003 2004 2005

Source: Reed Research, 11/2005

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 WORLD INFORMATION/ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
• ASIA / PACIFIC IS THE FASTEST GROWING REGION

Electronics Production

Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 CAGR

Europe 220.4 247.5 279.1 285.8 9.0%
Americas 317.6 314.1 334.3 341.9 2.5%
Japan 162.4 180.2 197.8 202.3 7.6%
Asia /
Pacific
343.1 386.9 448.8 492.7 12.8%
Rest of
World
13.2 14.3 15.7 16.2 7.2%
World 1,056.8 1,143.0 1,275.6 1,338.9 8.2%

Source: Reed Research

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 MIGRATION TO LOW-COST LOCATIONS

PERCENTAGE OF ELECTRONICS OUTPUT

80% 75%
67%
60% 53%

40% 47%

20%
33%
25% High Cost Low Cost

0%
1995 2000 2005

High-Cost Locations - US, Canada, Japan, Western Europe

Low-Cost Locations - Asia/Pacific, China, Eastern Europe, ROW

Source: Reed Research

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 MAJOR PRODUCT TRENDS

Product Trends

Flat Panel TV, HDTV, Set Top

Consumer
Box, iPod, Digital Camera

3G Handset, TV Reception on
Communications
Handset, Mobile Services
RFID, Energy Saving Control,
Industrial Green Electronics, Optical
Recognition
Telematics – GPS, Hybrid Car,
Automotive
Safety

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 GENERAL TREND IN
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

• Manufacturing: moving to low-cost regions

• Markets:
– automotive electronics is rising rapidly
– computer and communications are still big
– consumer and industrial may rebound
• Products: high technology, multi-function,
networking base, quality in audio/visual effects
• Components: complexity, high precision

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 THE
ASIA
ELECTRONICS
INDUSTRY

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 ASIA’S POSITION IN ELECTRONICS PRODUCTION

Share of Asia's Electronics

Production in the World *
60%

55%

50%
50.7% 51.9%
49.6%
45% 47.8%
40%
2002 2003 2004 2005

*Including Japan
Source: Reed Research, 11/2005

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 TOP 8 ASIAN ELECTRONICS PRODUCING

250

China
200 Japan

(In US$ Billion)

150

100 South
Korea

Malaysia
50 Singapore
Taiwan
Philippines
Thailand
0
2002 2003 2004 2005

Source: Reed Research, 11/2005

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TOP 8 ASIAN ELECTRONICS PRODUCING COUNTRIES

2002 2003 2004 2005

Japan 162.4 180.2 197.8 202.3

China 120.2 147.4 177.1 210.3
South Korea 62.4 73.8 90.3 96.1
Malaysia 38.6 41.3 45.9 47.4
Singapore 36.4 39.4 44.1 45.5
Taiwan 26.6 34.6 35.9 35.4
Philippines 23.8 24,2 26.6 27.3
Thailand 15.9 17.7 20.1 21.1

(In US$ Billion)

Source: Reed Research, 11/2005

 ASIA / PACIFIC AS INFORMATION /
ELECTRONICS HUB

Country / Region Role

Design, R&D, Product

Japan, Korea
Marketing

China, India,
Taiwan, Thailand, Manufacturing, EMS,
Malaysia and ODM
Philippines
Singapore, Hong
IT Solutions, Software
Kong, India

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INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
TREND IN ASIA / PAC

• Increasing spending, brought by China and India

markets
• Wireless services overtaking fixed line
• Offshore services, business process outsourcing
• Enterprise solution
• Security issue
• Commodization of IT hardware, servers, Linux
• Digital home market
• Rising technologies, e.g. RFID

SEIPI
 THE
PHILIPPINE
ICT
INDUSTRY
A snapshot

ERNIE SANTIAGO
SEIPI
 PART 1: THE PHILIPPINE PART 2: THE PHILIPPINE
E-SERVICES INDUSTRY ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

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 PART 2: THE PHILIPPINE
THE E-SERVICES INDUSTRY

PHILIPPINE
E-SERVICES
INDUSTRY

- the fastest growing industry

THE PHILIPPINE E-SERVICES INDUSTRY

1. CONTACT CENTER

2. BUSINESS PROCESSING

3. ANIMATION

4. MEDICAL & LEGAL TRANSCRIPTION

5. ENGINEERING DESIGN

6. SOFTWARE DESIGN
 CONTACT CENTER INDUSTRY

AS OF 1ST QUARTER 2006

 Still the fastest growing industry in the Philippines
 Contact Centers in the Philippines: 108
 Total Full Time Employees: 112,000/Total Seats: 70,000
 Estimated Revenues in 2005: US$ 1.7 Billion
 With a Growth Rate for 2005: 90%

KEY PLAYERS IN THE COUNTRY:

Third Party Providers: Sykes, Convergys, PeopleSupport, Clientlogic,
ePLDT Parlance, ICT Group, Ambergris, Teletech, eTelecare, etc…
Captives: Dell, AOL, JPMorgan, Siemens, HSBC, AIG, IBM Daksh, etc..
BUSINESS PROCESSING (BACK OFFICE OPERATIONS)

AS OF 1ST QUARTER 2006

 No. of Service Providers: 62
 Total Full Time Employees: 22,500
 Estimated Revenues in 2005: US$ 180 Million
 With a Growth Rate for 2005: 80%

KEY PLAYERS IN THE COUNTRY:

Captives: AOL, AIG BPSI, Chevron Texaco,HP, HSBC, Procter
& Gamble, Flour Daniel, Henkel Financial Services,
Deutsche Bank, Citibank Crescent Services, Shell Shared
Services, Manulife, Alitalia, Watson Wyatt, etc…
Third Party Providers: Accenture, American Data Exchange,
SVI Corp, SPI Technologies, DAKSH eServices, The
Environments Collaborative, Eximius BPO, BayanTrade
Dotcom, etc…
 MEDICAL & LEGAL TRANSCRIPTION SERVICES

As of 1st Quarter, 2006 (Medical Transcription)

 Total MT Firms: 66 (57 medical/9 legal)
 MT Professionals: 6,000 employed
 Estimated Revenues in 2005: US$ 76 Million
 With a Growth Rate for 2005: 80%
 Performance Level: 98 – 99% accuracy rate
with a turnaround time of 12 to 24 hour

Key Players in the Country:

eData Services, SPI Technologies, SVI Corporation, Medscribe Asia,
Transkripsyo Inc., Total Transcription Solutions, Inc., Dictation Source,
Pilipinas Data Contracts Corporation, etc…
 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY

As of 1st Quarter, 2006

 Software Development Companies: 300
 Total IT professionals: 14,000
 Estimated Revenues in 2005: US$ 204 M
 With a Growth Rate for 2005: 40%

Key Players in the Country:

Accenture, Headstrong, Microsoft, IBM Solutions, Jupiter
Systems, Oracle, ADTX Solutions, Gurango, Sun Microsystems,
Intel Microelectronics, NEC, etc…
 ANIMATION INDUSTRY

As of 1st Quarter, 2006

 Total animation studios in the country: 40
 Total Full Time Employees: 4,500
 Est. Revenues in 2005: US$ 40 Million
 With a Growth Rate in 2005: 25%

Key Players in the Country:

Holy Cow! Animation, Artfarm Asia, Digital Exchange, Top Draw Animation,
Toei Animation, Top Peg Animation and Creative Studio, Creative Asia,
Geebo Digital, Toon City, etc…
 ENGINEERING DESIGN INDUSTRY

As of 1st Quarter, 2006

 Total Number of Engineering Design Companies: 14
 Total Number of Full Tim Engineers: 2,800
 Estimated Revenues in 2005: US$ 48 Million
 With a Growth Rate in 2005: 30%

Key Players in the Country:

Fluor Daniel, JGC Phils., Bechtel, Tsuneishi, Kajima Corp,
Parsons, C & E Corp, EEI Corp, Eichleay Pacific, Inc., Hyundai
Engineering, Foster Wheeler, Kellog, Brown & Root, Bouygues
Construction, etc…
 PROJECTIONS FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS

IT & IT-enabled Services (Source: BOI-CICT-BPA/P)

EMPLOYEES 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Customer Care 64,000 112,000 168,000 218,000 262,000 301,000 331,000

Back Office 15,000 22,500 36,000 61,000 110,000 187,000 299,000

Medical Transcription 3,000 5,000 9,000 17,000 34,000 68,000 122,000

Legal Transcription 300 450 675 1,013 1,519 2,126 2,764

Other Data Trans 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 13,000

Animation 2,800 4,000 6,000 10,000 17,000 27,000 41,000

SW Dev’t (Export) 10,000 12,000 16,000 22,000 33,000 50,000 75,000

Engineering Design 2,000 2,800 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 21,000

Digital Content 200 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 8,000 16,000

Workforce 99,300 162,250 244,675 343,013 479,519 668,126 920,764

 PROJECTIONS FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS

 IT
& IT-enabled              
Services

REVENUES 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Customer Care 1,024 1,792 2,688 3,488 4,192 4,816 5,296

Back Office 120 180 288 488 880 1,496 2,392

Medical Transcription 42 70 126 238 476 952 1,708

Legal Transcription 4 6 9 13 20 28 36

Other Data Trans 26 39 52 78 104 130 169

Animation 52 74 111 185 315 500 759

SW Devt (Export) 170 204 272 374 561 850 1,275

Engineering Design 34 48 68 102 170 255 357

Digital Content 3 7 13 26 52 104 208

Revenues in US $ M
$1,474 $ 2,419 $ 3,627 $ 4,992 $ 6,769 $ 9,130 $ 12,199
 THE

PHILIPPINE
ELECTRONICS
INDUSTRY
- the driver of economy

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 CHANGING FACE OF EXPORTS
Marine Products - 1%
Construction Materials - 0.49%
Home Furnishings - 1%
Motor Vehicles and Parts - 1.74%
Forest Products - 10% Food - 2.9% Giftwares - 0.45%
Others - 2% Wearables - 0.16% Organic Products - 0.18%
Machinery and Transport - 4.4% Mineral Products - 2.1%
Garments and Textiles - 6% Others - 13%
Other
Manufactured
Products – 10%
Agro-Based
Garments - 7% 49%
ELECTRONICS - 3%
ELECTRONICS
Mineral Products -18%
66%

1975
2006

….FROM COCONUT CHIPS TO MICROCHIPS

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 2005 TOTAL
2006 PHILIPPINE
PHILIPPINE EXPORTS
EXPORTS

ELECTRONICS - 66%
OTHERS - 34%
GARMENTS AND TEXTILES - 6.0%
MACHINERY & TRANSPORT - 4.4%
FOOD - 2.9% EXPORTS
MINERAL PRODUCTS - 2.1% OTHER THAN ELECTRONICS
MOTOR VEHICLE/PARTS - 1.7% ELECTRONICS
HOME FURNISHINGS - 1.0%
EXPORTS
34%
MARINE PRODUCTS - 1.0% 66%
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS - 0.5%
ORGANIC PRODUCTS - 0.2%
GIFTWARES - 0.2%
WEARABLES - 0.2%
OTHERS -13.0%

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 HISTORICAL EXPORTS OF ELECTRONICS
EXPORTS VALUE IN US$ BILLION
35
30
30 27.3
27.07 26.64
25.34 24.17
25 23.76
21.6
19.87
20

14.98
15
10.61
10 7.55
4.89
5 2.97 3.78

0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Source: Tradeline Philippines

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 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRONICS EXPORTS

SMS – 74%
COMPONENTS AND DEVICES - 74.03%

EMS – 26%
COMPUTER REL.PROD./EDP – 20.17% EMS SMS
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS – 2.07%
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS – 1.45% 26% 74%
COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR – 0.98%
OFFICE EQUIPMENT – 0.70%
TELECOMMUNICATIONS – 0.59%
CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION – 0.06%
MEDICAL AND INDUSTRIAL – 0.03%

Source: Masterplan for Philippine Electronics Industry 1998

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 THE TOP CHIPMAKERS

Eight (8) out of the world’s top 30 chipmakers

are operating in the Philippines

TIPI Intel Philips Fairchild

Analog Sanyo On Semi Rohm

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 THE WORLD’S TOP ELECTRONICS FIRMS

 FOUR OF THE LARGEST HDD PRODUCERS

ARE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Hitachi Toshiba Fujitsu NEC

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 DESTINATIONS OF ELECTRONICS EXPORTS 2006

EUROPE - 19% CHINA - 13%

US$ 5.1 Billion US$ 3.5 Billion

USA - 13% JAPAN - 18%

US$ 3.3 Billion US$ 4.8 Billion

OTHER ASIA - 37%

US$ 10.6 Billion
Hongkong - US$ 2.8 B
Singapore - US$ 2.1 B
Malaysia - US$ 2.1 B
Taiwan - US$ 1.4 B
Korea - US$ 1.0 B
Others - US$ 1.2 B

Source: 2005
Source: Exports
Bureau of -Export
Bureau Trade
of ExportPromotion,
Trade Promotion,
DTI DTI
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 SILICON DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

There is a budding silicon design and development

industry in the Philippines

• IC DESIGN: ASIC AND FPGA DESIGN, VHDL

VERIFICATION (INTEL, ROHM LSI DESIGN
PHILS., SANYO SEMICONDUCTOR, EAZIX,
SYMPHONY, BITMICRO)
• IC PACKAGING DESIGN: (TI PHILS., INC.,
FAIRCHILD SEMICON)
• MODULE DESIGN, PRODUCT DESIGN
(LEXMARK, EAZIX, BLUE CHIP)
• FIRMWARE – EMBEDDED SYSTEMS HW/SW,
EMBEDDED LINUX (CANON I.T., TSUKIDEN)

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 A GROWING BASE OF SUPPLIERS FOR HDDS

Base
Motors Magnet Actuator &
Cover
Spacer
Diodes Ring Coils
PCB/
PCBA
ICs Connectors Carriage
Assembly
Plastic
Molded
Parts Capacitors Transistors
Resistors

Packaging Metal
Magnetic Pressed
Materials Screws
Head Parts

…SUPPLYING THE WORLD WITH

2.5 MILLION HDD PER MONTH
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 TEST AND PACKAGING DESIGN
Strong in assembly, test and packaging design for
semiconductor manufacturing services…

DSPs
Microprocessors Logic devices

Analog devices Flash memory

Memory chips Opto devices

Power devices

…CAPTURING 10% OF THE SMS WORLD SUPPLY

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 COMPETITIVENESS OF THE INDUSTRY

CRITICAL MASS OF GLOBAL PLAYERS

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 COMPANIES IN THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

Malaysia Others

912 Firms Singapore 2%

2% 8%
Philippines
Taiwan
28%
NATIONALITY: 4%

72% Foreign Europe

28% Filipino 7%

US
9%

Korea
10% Japan
30%

Sources: Philippine Board of Investments (BOI) &

Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)

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 COMPETITIVENESS OF THE INDUSTRY

PEOPLE

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 EMPLOYMENT IN THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

500

450
Over 400T engineers, 438
technicians and operators
402
400 376
350 335 346
315 307
300 280
250
250 220
200
160
150 120
90
100 74 80
50

0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Sources: Philippine Board of Investments (BOI) &

Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)
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 EXPORTS OF ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
YEAR EXPORTS GROWTH % TO RP
(in US$) RATE EXPORTS
1992 2.97 B 20 % 28 %
1993 3.78 B 27 % 33 %
1994 4.89 B 28 % 36 %
1995 7.55 B 55 % 43 %
1996 10.61 B 40 % 52 %
1997 14.98 B 41 % 58 %
1998 19.87 B 33 % 67 %
1999 25.34 B 27 % 72%
2000 27.07 B 7% 71 %
2001 21.60 B -20 % 68 %
2002 23.76 B 10 % 69 %
2003 24.17 B 2% 68%
2004 26.64 B 10 % 68%
2005 27.30 B 2.3% 67%
2006 30.00 B 10 % 66%

Source: Bureau of Export Trade Promotion, DTI

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 INVESTMENTS IN THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

YEAR INVESTMENTS
1992 US$ 40 M
1993 220 M
1994 1.290 B
1995 2.160 B
1996 1.080 B
1997 1.470 B
1998 670 M
1999 790 M
2000 1.240 B
2001 720 M
2002 270 M
2003 230 M
2004 443 M
2005 776 M
2006 747 M
Sources: Philippine Board of Investments (BOI) &
Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)
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 TARGETS OF THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

YEAR TARGETS
INVESTMENTS EXPORTS
(US $) (US$)

2002 230 M 24.26 B 11%

2003 270 M 24.60 B 2%
2004 443 M 26.64 B 11%
2005 776 M 27.30 B 2.3%
2006 747 M 30.00 B 10%
2007 1.000 B 33.00 B 10%

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 CHALLENGES OF THE INDUSTRY

our industry has always been

YEAR
cyclical but in TARGETS
an upward direction
EXPORTS
(US$)
this has not changed

therefore we must continue to do the

right things to prepare for our future success

knowing that adversity always transcends

unique opportunities

it is up to us to make the most of it

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 GLOBAL CHALLENGES

global fundamentals
YEAR are TARGETS
still there
and supports a continued long term
EXPORTS

worldwide economic expansion (US$)

• world peace
• trends towards freer trade
• growing global communications
enhancement
• accelerating pace of technological
developments

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 TEN YEARS OF ITA

YEAR TARGETS
THE ITA AND ITS ROLE IN THE EXPORTS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF (US$)
COUNTRIES

THE RAPID PACE OF TECHNOLOGY

INNOVATION

THE CHALLENGES AHEAD

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 END

YEAR TARGETS
Some men see things as they areEXPORTS
(US$)
and say, why?

I dream things that never were

and say, why not?

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 END
END
YEAR TARGETS
EXPORTS
(US$)

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