Types of

stations in CGD
CGD Network.
 Infrastructure

• Primary Network
• Secondary Network
• Domestic Network
Pressure Levels
Supply Facilities in CGD.
• High pressure Steel pipeline main
• Medium pressure Steel pipelines
• Low pressure MDPE mains
• Low pressure MDPE services
• CGS/ DRS / Hot Taps
• Service Connections
• Odorisation Facilities
 Designing of steel grid
Actual Flow= (Qindp1 + Qcomp2 + Qcngp3 + Qpngp4 )
where p1,p2, p3
and p4 are the peak flow for Industrial, commercial, CNG
and PNG segments respectively
 Design flow = Actual flow x 1.3
Route Selection
Find Carbon Equivalent for allowable stress and
welding methods
Pipe OD Calculation flow regime -Turbulent
Way mouth equation(1912)
Panhandle-A (1940)
Panhandle-B (1956)
 Steel Design
P = (2St FET/D)

Where,
P, Design pressure
S, Specified minimum yield strength
D, Nominal OD of pipe
T, Nominal wall thickness
F ,Design factor
E , Longitudinal joint factor
T ,Temperature de-rating factor
Various Stations Involved
in network
• City Gate Station
o Location- Tap Off Point
o Facilities
o Pressure Reduction Facilities.
o Gas Chromatograph
o Metering
o Odorant Injection System
o Associated Piping
o Various Monitoring & Control Systems
o Secure area.
 Designing of Metering
unit
Steps in Design of Metering Unit
Actual Flow= (Qindp1 + Qcomp2 +
Qcngp3 + Qpngp4 )
where p1,p2, p3 and
p4 are the peak flow for Industrial,
commercial, CNG and PNG segments
respectively
 Design flow = Actual flow x 1.3
 Steel Grid (Route Selection, Steel Pipe Pressure)
 Various Units

• Filtration Skid-
• Borosilicate Fiber Glass cartridge

• Pressure reduction skid

• Flow Metering Skid
• Odourisation Unit
City Gate station
Odourisation unit
Filtration Unit.
 IPRS
• Industrial Pressure Reduction Station
• In major industries
• Facilities:
• Pressure Reduction System
• A Filtering Unit
• Turbine Metering Systems
• valves
 Valves in IPRS
• slam shut valves
• pressure regulating valves
• creep relief valve and vent,
• isolation valves,
• non-return valves
• pressure gauges
 DRS
• Interface between Steel grid network &
medium pressure network
• Known as field regulating stations for
domestic & industrial sectors.
• Location depend on requirement.
• Same facilities as IPRS.
DRS
Metering system
Challenges In CGD
 Challenges in CGD

• Setting up the Network

• Operation & Maintenance of the
Network
 Setting up the Network

• No ROW for CGD

• City congestion
• Road crossings along with drains
• Other utilities safety
• Cathodic protection for steel pipeline network
• Safety
• Upgradation & Expansion of city gas network
 Operation &
Maintenance
• Ensure continues supply of Natural Gas
• Safety and Emergency preparedness.
• Customer related operations like
• (a) Proper metering and billing.
• (b) Changing pressure and flow requirements of
consumers.
• (c) Shutdown, over drawl, non-payment by the consumers.
• (d) Consumer education and training.
• Liasoning with District Authorities and other utility
departments.
 CNG Infrastructure

• Mother Station:
• A CNG station provided with whole set up
(compressors, dispensers, cascade etc) along
with a LCV filling point is known as a mother a
CNG station. 

• Refueling facilities with access to a continuous

supply of natural gas from a pipeline are
often referred to as Mother Station
 Mother Station

• Major Equipments:
• Compressors
• Dryers
• Storage
• Controls
• Dispensers
• Valves & fittings
Mother station
Mother Station
 Designing of CNG
Stations
• Actual Flow = CNG demand/ Compressor vol. Efficiency
• Design flow = actual Required x 1.3
• Types Of Compressors
 Mother Compressor- 1200 SCM/Hr
 On Line Compressor- 600 SCM/Hr
 Daughter booster compressor- 250 SCM/Hr, Variable
Suction Pressure Compressor
• Cascades
• Priority Panel
• Dispensers
• Filling nozzles- NZ, NGV
 Daughter Station
• Daughter stations are established in those
areas where laying a pipeline is not possible.
In that case gas is delivered from mother
station to daughter station; via mobile
cascade van. The gas from mother station is
filled in mobile cascade by a LCV filling point.

• Mother or pipeline stations can also act as

fuel suppliers to other stations not connected
to the pipeline. These other sub stations,
often called daughter stations.
Daughter station
Cascade Storage System

• High Pressure -5 Cylinders

• Medium Pressure-11 Cylinders
• Low Pressure- 24 Cylinders.

• Stationary Cascade
• Mobile Cascade.
Cascade Systems
Daughter Booster Station
• Daughter station provided with the
compressor (known as boosters) to
compress the gas we are getting from
the mother station are known as
daughter booster station.
Daughter Booster Station
Daughter Booster station
 Online Station

• This CNG station has same set up as a

mother station but LCV connection is
not provided for filling.
Online Stations
CNG Stations
Mother Stations
Mother Station Fuel Transfer Point
 Hot Taps

• Natural gas transmission and distribution

companies need to make new connections to
pipelines many times a year to expand or modify
their existing system. Historically, this has
necessitated shutting down a portion of the system
and purging the gas to the atmosphere to ensure a
safe connection. This procedure, referred to as a
shutdown interconnect, results in methane
emissions, loss of product and sales, occasionally
customer inconvenience, and costs associated with
evacuating the existing piping system
 Hot Taps
• Hot tapping is an alternative procedure that
makes a new pipeline connection while the
pipeline remains in service, flowing natural
gas under pressure. The hot tap procedure
involves attaching a branch connection and
valve on the outside of an operating
pipeline, and then cutting out the pipe-line
wall within the branch and removing the
wall section through the valve. Hot tapping
avoids product loss, methane emissions, and
disruption of service to customers.
 LNG by Road
Following are the possible LNG options for CGD applications, by
setting-up –
Dedicated customer stations for captive demand. These dedicated stations
are already in use at various places in India.

City Satellite Station in towns for gas supply to Industrial & commercial
applications using local pipeline network along with Integrated L-CNG
stations with associated daughter stations.

Hub & Spoke system for local LNG distribution in small cryogenic tanks
with built in vaporizers.

A stand alone L-CNG station and associated daughter stations for filling
CNG.
Hub & Spoke System
Key Boosters for LNG by
Road
• Early Gas Supply, no wait for Pipeline
Connectivity
• Negligible Operation & Maintenance Cost

• Suitable for Variable Demand

• LNG Contract “Without Take or Pay”

• Operational Flexibility.
 Compressor station

• To increase the pressure in the pipeline.

• Depends on pressure range, power
available,
Environmental & geotechnical factor.
• Compression ratio.
 Compressors

• Rotary
 Centrifugal Compressors
Rotary Blowers

• Reciprocating
 Simple Acting
Double Acting
 Types of Compression

• Isothermal Compression
• Adiabatic compression
• Polytropic Compression
Adiabatic Flow
Location of compressor
station