REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

任維廉
William
 出處
2

 Creswell, J. W., Research design: Qualitative an

d quantitative approaches, 3rd ed., 2009, Sage P
ublications.
 Outline
3

1. The research topic

2. The literature review
2.1 The use of the literature
2.2 Design Techniques
2.3 The definition of terms
2.4 A quantitative or mixed methods literature review
3. Summary
 1. The Research Topic
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 The topic is the subject or subject matter of proposed study.

 Draft a brief title to the study
 Try to complete this sentence: ”My study is about…”
 Creating title
 Be brief and avoid wasting words (a study of)
 Make sure it includes the topic of the study

 Pose the topic as a brief question

 Working title, revision: Researcher, adviser, committee mem

ber. Plain Chinese, plain English. Double title.
 1. The Research Topic
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 Whether the topic can and should be researched?

 Can
 If researcher have participants willing to serve in the study.
 If investigators have resources to collect data and can analyz
e the information.
 Should be
 Whether anyone outside the researcher’s own immediate ins
titution or area would be interested in the topic.
 Researcher’s personal goal
 Contribution: add anything new to the body of research.
 2. The Literature Review
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 It shares with the reader the results of other studies.

 It provides a framework for establishing the importan
ce of the study as well as a benchmark for comparing
the results with other findings.
 Should be brief and summarize the major literature o
n the research problem.
 2.1 The Use of The Literature
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 Qualitative research
 The literature is a manner consistent with the assumption of learning from the p
articipant.
 Need to be answered from the researcher’s standpoint.
 Quantitative research
 Provides direction for questions or hypotheses.
 Introduce a problem or to describe the existing literature.
 Compare finding.
 Mixed methods study
 Sequential
 Concurrent

*End (Inductive) vs. Beginning (deductive).

 2.2 Design Techniques-
Steps in conducting a literature review
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1. Identify key words. (thesaurus, control words)

2. Search the databases.
3. Try to find about 50 reports of research or books related to y
our topic.
4. Skim and duplicate those that central your topic.
5. Identify useful literature. (literature map)
6. Draft summaries of the most relevant articles.
7. Assemble the literature review

*PQRST
 2.2 Design Techniques-
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Search computerized databases
 ERIC, DAI, NTIS
 Google scholar, wiki
 Commercial database
 ProQuest
 Sociological abstracts
 Social sciences citation index (SSCI)

* 交大學術集成 (SCHOLAR@NCTU)
 2.2 Design Techniques-
A priority for selecting literature material
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 Journal article
 Easiest to locate and duplicate
 Dissertation
 Quality
 Difficult to read
 Web
 Easy to access
 Quality
 Online journals

*Books
 2.2 Design Techniques-
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A literature map of the research
 Organize the literature
 Build a visual picture of existing research
 Way to organize the literature map

Type Content
Hierarchical Top-down
Flowchart Left to right
Series of circles Circle represents literature
The intersection of the circles
 2.2 Design Techniques-
A literature map of the research: topic, integrate, extend
.
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 2.2 Design Techniques-
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Abstracting studies
 Mention the problem being addressed.
 State the central purpose or focus of the study.
 Briefly state information.
 Review key results that relate to the proposed study.

 *IMRD
 2.2 Design Techniques-
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Style manuals
 Provide guidelines for creating a scholarly style of a
manuscript.
 In-text references
 End-of-text references
 Headings
 Footnotes
 Tables and figures

*format consistent.
 2.3 The Definition of Terms
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 If there is any likelihood that readers don’t know the mea

ning.
 When it first appears in the proposal.
 Do not define the terms in everyday language.
 Qualitative studies
 Do not include the separate section
 Quantitative studies
 In the separate section
 Mixed methods studies

*” 胃氣” ,organ vs. subsystem.

 2.4 A Quantitative or Mixed Methods

16 Literature Review
 The literature be composed of 5 components
 Introduction
 independent variable
 dependent variable
 relates the independent variable to the depend variable
 Summary

*fill gap: more mediate / moderate variables.

 3. Summary
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1. Identify your topic

2. Qualitative research
 Literature helps substantiate the problem.
 At the end of study.
3. Quantitative research
 Not only helps substantiate the problem, but also suggests possible ques
tions that needs to be addressed.
 Separate section
4. Mixed methods research
5. Steps in conducting a literature review
6. Define the key terms
Thanks for listening

Q&A