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Basic Knowledge of CDMA: MSC Based WLL
Basic Knowledge of CDMA: MSC Based WLL
Basic Knowledge of CDMA: MSC Based WLL
design
designand
and GSM
expanding
expanding 8 Users
Vulnerability: 2
C/I 12-14 dB 1
become
becomemuch
much 4
3
easier
easier 200 kHz
Typical Frequency Reuse N=4
CDMA Vulnerability: 1
Eb/No 6--7 dB 1 1
1
1 1
20 Users 1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1250 kHz 1
Typical Frequency Reuse N=1
3
Advantages of CDMA
large
largecoverage
coverage
almost
almost22times
timesthan
thanGSM,
GSM,save
savemoney
moneyfor
for
operator
operator
Example:cover
Example:cover1000 1000km
km22:: GSM
GSMneed
need
200
200BTS
BTS ,,CDMA
CDMAonly
only
need
need5050BTS
BTS
Attention:
Attention:exact
exactresult
resultneed
need
“Link
“LinkBudget
Budget””
4
Advantages of CDMA
High
Highspectrum
spectrumcapacity:
capacity:
8--10
8--10times
timesthan
thanAMPS,
AMPS, FDMA
4—6
4—6times
timesthan
thanGSM
GSM
FDMA---Different user use different Power
frequency cy
Ti m u en
eq
e Fr
TACS 、 AMPS
TDMA
TDMA---Different user use different
time slot of one frequency Power
y
GSM 、 DAMPS e nc
Tim
re qu
e F
Information Demodulated
signal signal
TX RX
CDMA:
CDMA:“make
“makebefore
beforebreak”---soft
break”---softhandoff
handoff
Other
Othersystems:
systems:“make
“makeafter
afterbreak”---hard
break”---hardhandoff
handoff
7
Advantages of CDMA
Good
Goodvoice
voicequality,
quality,use
use8k,13K(QCELP,EVRC)voice
8k,13K(QCELP,EVRC)voice
coding—the
coding—thebest
bestcoding
codingmethod
methodin
inthe
theworld.
world.
Voice quality
(MOS)
8
Advantages of CDMA
Perfect
PerfectPower
PowerControl
Controland
andvoice
voiceactivation
activationmake
makethe
theMS
MS
Power
Powerlow,
low,healthy
healthyfor
forhumanbody—green
humanbody—greenmobile
mobilephone.
phone.
Mean
MeanPower
Power Max
MaxPower
Power
GSM:
GSM: 125mW
125mW 2W
2W
CDMA:
CDMA: 2mW
2mW 200mW
200mW
9
Advantages of CDMA
Smooth
Smoothmigration
migrationto
to3G
3Gand
andthe
theoperator’s
operator’s
benefit
benefit
isisprotected
protectedat
atthe
themost
most
95A 95B 95B 1X 1X 1XEV
Software update Add 1X channel Add 1XEV
Technical channel board
Replace MS to board
Scheme:
get new service Software update Software update
Replace MS to ge Replace MS to
10
ZTE’s Activities in CDMA
• In 1995, CDMA mobile telecommunication project was started
• In November, 1999, ZTE signed the “Agreement on CDMA R&D” with Qualcomm
• In September, 2000, ZTE presented the first CDMA handset with UIM in the
world.
• In January, 2001, the first cdma2000-1x call was passed through in lab
11
ZTE - CDMA
PSTN/PLMN
MSC/VLR HLR/AUC
Abis
E1
Um BTS ( IS-95 SC
)
IS95 BSC ( IS-95
)
Abis
BTS ( IS-95
) WIN
IP HA
Um Abis
BSC/ PCF (1X)
IS2000 E1 OMC
E1 Internet
STM-1
2G/3G BTS ( 1X Ethernet
终端 ) 路由器 路由器
IP
Abis Ethernet
BSC/ PCF (1X) PDSN/FA
E1
STM-1
AAA
12
BTS ( 1X 业务服务器
)
ZXC10 MSC / VLR
• ZXC10 MSC/VLR/SSP 1X stands for The
CDMA mobile switching center/visitor
location register product.
• MSC is a functional entity that performs the
controlling and switching of mobile
subscribers within the area it serves, and it is
automatic switching equipment for the traffic
between MSCs or between MSC of CDMA
network and switches of other public
networks.
13
ZXC10 MSC / VLR
• MSC performs the common signaling
function and billing function, and offers
network interfaces.
• It performs the management of signaling
system, wireless resource and A interface
signaling between BSS and MSC.
• It also sets up the calling route for the
called mobile subscribers if the function
of GMSC has been integrated.
14
ZXC10 MSC / VLR
• VLR is a database and responsible for
the storage and updating of data of
mobile subscribers that roam to the
service area of this VLR.
• The information includes user number,
property, and location identification and
service parameters.
15
Technical specifications
• MSC system capacity: 600,000
• Max Number of subscribers: 600,000
(64K*64K)
• Call Processing Capacity for Single Module:
500K BHCA
• Max Call Processing Capacity: 5,000K BHCA
• Max Traffic: 21,000Erl
• Max Number of No.7 signaling links: 640 links
• VLR System Capacity: 800,000
16
Architecture of CDMA system
MS MSC PSTN
Um E Ai
Abis A B
BTS BSC MS C/SSP VLR
BSS
Q C D
M N N
MC MC HLR AUC
MSS
17
Architecture of CDMA system
19
Architecture of CDMA system
20
Architecture of CDMA system
21
Architecture of CDMA system
23
Architecture of CDMA system
2) Visitor Location Register(VLR)
• VLR is a dynamic database used by MSC for information
index. It stores all related information of mobile
subscribers that enter its coverage area, which enables
MSC to set up incoming and outgoing calls.
• Subscriber parameters include: subscriber number,
location area identity(LAI), user’s status, services which
subscriber can use and so on.
• When the subscriber leaves this area, it should register
in another VLR, and the previous VLR will delete all the
data about this subscriber.
• VLR can be built together with the MSC or set
separately 24
Architecture of CDMA system
3) Home Location Register (HLR)
28
ZXC10 BSC-FEATURES
• Two layer high rate packet network structure based on ATM
technology
• Circuit-supporting data service such as asynchronous data, G3
fax.
• Supporting various types of voice conversion algorithm: QCELP
(IS-95), 13kbps Pure Voice (IS-733), EVRC (IS-127) and echo
cancellation.
• Built-in PCF, which supports high rate packet data service
primarily based on mobile IP
• Providing E1/STM-1, which supports A3 and A7 interfaces
defined by IOS4.0 and implements the interconnection of BSCs.
• Providing E1/STM-1, which supports A1, A2 and A5 interfaces
defined by IOS4.0 and implements the interconnection of MSCs.
• Providing Fast Ethernet/ATM., which supports A10 and A11
interfaces defined by IOS4.0 and implements the
interconnection of PDSNs.
29
The basic performances of ZXC10 BSC
• Each BSC owns a HIRS network providing 256 high rate
serial ports. Each serial port affords 10Mbps
transmission capacity.
• Each BSC/PCF provides 240 E1 links with MSC maximum.
• Each BSC/PCF provides 380 E1 inks with BTSs maximum.
• Each BSC/PCF supports 7200-selectors/ vocoders
maximum.
• Each BSC/PCF has the maximum traffic processing
capacity of 5040 Erl.
• Each BSC/PCF processes 170,000 voice users maximum
(based on 0.03Erl/sub)
• Each BSC/PCF can connect with 380 BTSs (single
carrier/single sector) maximum.
• The BSC/PCF supports packet data services. Each
Supports 1260 active PPP connections and 24,000
dormant PPP connections.
30
ZXC10 BTS
31
The basic performances-BTS
– RAKE receiving, diversity sending, and smart antenna
– Softer handoff between sectors, soft handoff, and hard
handoff
– Cell breathing, blossoming, wilting, and TPTL
– High efficient wireless resource management
– Hot standby for key components
– Automatic and periodical performance test to ensure
reliability
– All boards can be hot swapped, supporting on line
maintenance
– Module function is relatively independent. Single rack of BTS
can accomplish 1,2,3 and 4 carriers, supporting Omni-, 2-
sector, 3-sector and 6-sector cell. Supporting capacity
expansion in stacking method
32
The basic performances-BTS
• Supporting 128 forward channels among which 55 channels
are traffic channels with data rate of 9.6kbps (Practically
40 x 3 = 120 traffic channels per ‘3sector’ BTS is
possible.)
• All the channel units in a rack form a sharing pool
• Providing optic fiber interface between base band digital
subsystem and radio frequency subsystem.
• Base station supports indoor modules, outdoor modules and
remote RF modules in various packing styles
• Supporting two types of clock systems: GPS and
GLONASS Simultaneously
• Supporting voice services and mobile IP-based high rate
packet data services
• Providing E1 or STM-1 links between BTS and BSC
according to the capacity of BTS
33
BDS: Base band Digital Subsystem
34
TFS:Timing Frequency Subsystem
• GPSTM:GPS Timing Module
• FDM: Frequency Distribution Module
• TCM: Timing Control Module
35
RFS:RF Subsystem
• TRX: RF Transceiver
• HPA: High Power Amplifier
• RFE: RF Front End
• RFCM: RF Control Module
• BTM: Base station testing module
36
CDMA Forward Traffic
Channels CDMA Cell Site
Pilot
Paging
40
Paging Channels
Paging Channel
Used
Usedbybythe
thebase
basestation
stationtoto
transmit system overhead information
transmit system overhead information
and
andmobile
mobilestation-specific
station-specificmessages.
messages.
41
CDMA Reverse Traffic Channels
Initialization
Initialization
Mobile station Mobile station is in idle handoff
has fully acquired with NGHBR_CONFG equal to
system timing ‘011’ or is unable to receive
Paging Channel Message
44
Field Problems
• ZTE Instruments reading the Primary Channel
42 and 83 in the same instrument; example
felt at Namakkal and Attur.
• Cell Demarcation: Subscriber of one SDCA
has to work in the BTS located in the other
SDCA with the dominated signal. Example at
Kandhampayam and Puduchathiram. This has
been experimented at Madurai MSC and to be
tried at Pondichery MSC also.
45
Thanks for listening
Contact me at
9443200325
04272452266
46