Traffic

Management
Techniques
LECTURE NO. 04
SPEED MANAGEMENT
Topics included in the course
1. Traffic Management and 1. Public Transport
Sustainability
2. Parking
2. Consultation and Monitoring
3. Commercial Vehicles
3. Speed Management and 4. Road Works
Traffic Calming 5. Technology for Traffic
4. Junctions Management
5. Vulnerable Road Users

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF
HUSSAIN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
2
Topics included in the lecture
 The speed problem  Speed limits
 Attitudes to speed  Enforcement initiatives
 Influencing driver and rider  Road design and traffic
behavior through Speed calming
Management
 Technology initiatives
 Education, Training and
Publicity

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF
HUSSAIN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
3
Speed Problem

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
4
Speed Problem …

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
5
Speed Problem…
Exceeding a safe speed has been identified as a
contributory factor in 27% of fatal accidents and
15% of injury accidents

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
6
Altitudes to Speed

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
7
Altitudes to Speed … Excuses
 Many different excuses are offered in respect of speeding:
"I was late for work"
"It was late and there was nobody about"
"I was just keeping up with traffic"
"I didn’t see the signs"
"Everyone does it"

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
8
Influencing Driver and Rider
through Speed Management
The speed at which a driver or
rider chooses to travel along any
given section of road is
influenced by many factors.
 These factors can be
considered in five broad areas

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
9
Driver Behavior …
 In order to bring this about, to effectively manage speed, it is
necessary to take action over a wide range of areas relating to
the factors:
 education training and publicity for drivers and riders
 setting appropriate speed limits
 improving enforcement
 road design and traffic calming
 Technology
 Action in each of these areas needs to be co-ordinated by
roads authorities under a "Speed Management Strategy"
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
10
Driver Behavior …
 The production of a speed management policy and plan can
facilitate a comprehensive approach to tackling the problem
rather than a piece-meal one.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
11
Education, Training and Publicity
 Education, training and publicity approaches to tackling
speeding problems consist of a wide range of measures.
 A number of initiatives that could be included in a Speed
Management Strategy are:
 Hard hitting national and local publicity campaigns
 Schoolchildren can be educated
 Drivers and riders can be trained

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
12
Speed Limits
 Speed limits indicate the maximum speed at which vehicles are
permitted to travel on a length of road.
 They are not an indication of the speed at which all vehicles
can travel safely at all times and in all conditions.
A vehicle shall not be driven at a speed exceeding that which
will enable its driver to bring it to a halt within the distance
which the driver can see to be clear.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
13
Speed Limits … Effectiveness
 The introduction of a speed limit will not necessarily have a
significant impact on the speed of vehicles along a particular
length of road.
 The research evidence however shows that there is little
evidence to substantiate this hope. Introduction of a 30mph
speed limit in place of a 40mph limit was shown to reduce the
85 percentile vehicle speeds by around 3mph.
 Drivers may not accept the need for the reduced speed limit
and may complain that they have been treated unfairly when
caught.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
14
- General principles for the
introduction of speed limits
 Local speed limits are not normally necessary where the
character of the road limits the speed of most vehicles (around
95%) to a level at or below the limit under consideration.
 The accident record of the length of road should be examined
and taken into account when considering the introduction of a
speed limit.
 Mandatory speed limits should not be used to solve the
problems of isolated hazards such as a junction or bend.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
15
- General principles for the
introduction of speed limits
 Speed limits should only be lowered when a consequent
reduction in vehicle speeds can be achieved.
 The most important factor in setting a speed limit is what the
road looks like to the road user.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
16
- Procedure for evaluating speed
limits
 The nature of the road and the traffic using it
 The accident history for the road and whether the speed limit
and any associated measures are likely to help to reduce the
problems the 85%ile speed of traffic travelling along the road.
 This should be no more than 7mph or 20% higher than the
proposed limit unless it is intended to introduce associated
speed reduction measures.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
17
- Procedure for evaluating speed
limits

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
18
- Consultation
City Council, National Road
Authority, Police Department

Length of
Villages Buffer Zones
Speed Limits

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
19
Enforcement Initiatives
 Speed Cameras
 Justification of Speed Cameras
 Signing for Speed Camera Sites and Routes
 Selection of Sites for Enforcements

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
20
Road Design and Traffic Calming
 Although many roads are subject to speed limits, the speed of
many vehicles using them will be greater than this limit or the
design speed for the roads.
 The way in which roads are designed and laid out has a major
influence on the speed at which traffic will use them. It is
recognized that wider straighter roads encourage faster
speeds.
 While this is appropriate for certain roads such as motorways
and national roads with little or no frontage access, it is
inappropriate for many other roads.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
21
Road Design and Traffic Calming
…
 The width and layout of a road in terms of how the carriageway
is marked out also affects speed.
 Speeds on a section of single carriageway with central hatching
and islands would be significantly lower than an identical road
without such features.
 The degree to which the surrounding buildings and
trees/bushes enclose the road affects speeds.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
22
Technology Initiatives
 Signing
 Number Plate Recognition
 Traffic Signal
 Headway Control
 Variable Speed Limits

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
23
What We Covered
 The speed problem  Speed limits
 Attitudes to speed  Enforcement initiatives
 Influencing driver and rider  Road design and traffic
behavior through Speed calming
Management
 Technology initiatives
 Education, Training and
Publicity

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DR. JAWAD TAXILA INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF
HUSSAIN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
24