1

Chapter 1:
Introduction to Hazard
and Risk

(Lecture
1.1) PLANT SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL
CHE 135
HEALTH
 Syllabus Content
2

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to hazard and risk (W1-2)

a) Safety versus health
b) Engineers and safety (1.3, pg 5)
c) Inherently safe plant (1.7, pg 20)
d) Examples from past industrial accidents (1.8, pg 23)
e) Causes of accident Assignme
f) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) (3.2, pg 81) nt 1
g) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (3.4, pg 101)
 
CHAPTER 2: Toxicology (W3-4)
a) Entering and elimination route of toxicants from biological organisms (2.1-2.2, pg
38)
b) Effects of toxic (2.3, pg 42)
c) Dose versus response model (2.5, pg 44)
d) Threshold limit value (2.8, pg 56)
3
Syllabus Content (con’t)
Chapter 3: Industrial hygiene (W5)
a) Industrial hygiene: identification (3.2, pg 78)
b) Industrial hygiene: evaluation (3.3, pg 84)
c) Industrial hygiene: control (3.4, pg 99)
Chapter 4: Safety legislation and regulations (W6-7)
a) Regulatory bodies Test 1
b) OSHA 1994
c) FMA 1967
Chapter 5: Hazard identification (W8-9) (11.0, pg 491)
a) Definition Assignme
b) Type of hazards nt 2
c) Toxic hazard, fire hazard and explosion hazard (2.0, pg 37)
d) Hazard reduction and control
4
Syllabus Content (con’t)
Chapter 6: Hazard and risk assessment (W10-11)
a) Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP) (11.3, pg 510)
b) Fault tree analysis (FTA) (12.3, pg 553)
c) Event tree analysis (ETA) (12.3, pg 560)
d) Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) (12.4, pg 561)
1. Definition of risk
2. TNO explosion analysis (6.13, pg 287)
3. Probit analysis (2.6, pg 51)
4. Safe distances
5. Risk reduction and management
Chapter 7: Emergency planning (W12-13) (3.1, pg 73)
a) On-site emergency planning Test 2
b) Off-site emergency planning
Chapter 8: Process safety management (W14) (3.1, pg 71)
a) Key elements for effective safety management system Assignme
b) Safety management audit, safety audit nt 3
 Topic for today
5

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to hazard and risk

a) Safety versus health
b) Engineers and safety Lecture
c) Inherently safe plant 1.1
d) Examples from past industrial accidents
Assignmen
e) Causes of accident t1
f) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)Lecture 1.2
g) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Lecture
1.3
 Outlines of Presentation
6

Part 1
 Introduction to hazard and

risk
 Hazard
 Risk
 Safety vs Health
 Engineers and Safety
 Inherent Safety
 he student should be able to:
 Define hazard and rsik
 Differentiate between safety and health
 Identify the relation between engineers and safety
 Explain the importance of safety in plant
Part 1
Introduction to Hazard & Risk

8
Hazard

Definition of Hazard :
 Hazards
 a chemical or physical condition that has

potential to cause damage to people,

property, or to the environment.
 Example of hazard : Physical
condition
10
 Risk
11

Definition of Risk :
 Risk
 a measure of human injury, environment damage or

economic loss in term of both the incident likelihood and

the magnitude of the loss or injury.

Example of risk calculation;

Risk = Likelihood x Consequence
Risk = Hazard x Exposure
 Risiko (Risk)
12

 Risiko : gabungan
kemungkinan/kebarangkalian dan keterukan
bagi kejadian berhazard tertentu yang berlaku
Risik Kemungkinan berlaku Keterukan
= hazad x hazad
o
 Kemungkinan = Kejadian yg. mungkin berlaku dalam tempoh
khusus atau dalam keadaan tertentu
 Keterukan = Hasil drpd. kejadian yg. berlaku cth. Keterukan
kecederaan/kesihatan
Types of hazard classification and its potential injury or disease.
Hazard

Chemical Physical Biological

EXAMPLES
• Mists • Noise • Biology agent
• Vapors • Vibration (eg :insect)
• Gases • Extremes • Microorganisms
• Dusts temperature – Molds
• Fumes • Excessive radiation – Fungi
– Bacteria / Virus
 Example: Chemical hazard
14

 Phenol
 Other name: Phenylic acid/Phenyl hydroxide/
Hydroxybenznene
 Mechanical &
Chemical Physical Biological Psychological
Electrical

EXAMPLES
– Electrical, plant & equipment, •manual
Stress handling
• Electric
• Violenc al
e • Plant &
• Drugs equipm
• Alcohol ent
• Manual
handlin
Occupational Safety vs
Occupational Health

16
 Definisi : Occupational Safety ?
17
 Definisi : Occupational Safety ?
18
 Occupational Health
19

 The health and well
being of
people employed in
a work environment.
 Example: hearing
loss, asbestosis
Health Hazards
 Health Hazards The symbols shown below
are often used to denote health hazards.

e
al us it v
e r o ac
n
en iso d io
G a
Po R

ive c al
ro
s gi
o r olo
C i
B
Engineers and Safety

21
22
Engineers and Safety

 Combine knowledge of an
engineering discipline, as well as
health or safety regulations
related to their discipline to keep
work environments, building and
people safe from harm.
 The work of safety engineers helps
their employers lower costs of
insurance and comply with laws
and regulations related to health
Inherent Safety

24
 Definition
25
 Definition (con’t)
26

 Def: Condition of minimum hazard in normal or

reasonably foreseeable use of
a product, device, or process.
 Inherently safe does not mean
that accidents cannot happen in any
circumstance.