UNIT 2 –

TRANSFORMATION
S
Grammar Focus 1
 34 Irregular/regular verbs: V1,
V1 V2 V3
V2, V3 (PP)
V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3

1. 9. 17. 25.

2. 10. 18. 26.

3. 11. 19. 27.

4. 12. 20. 28.

5. 13. 21. 29.

6. 14. 22. 30.

7. 15. 23. 31.

8. 16. 24. 32.

34 Irregular/regular verbs: V1,
V1
V2, V3 (PP)
V2 V3 V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3

1. see 9. go 17. 25. sit

sing
2. cut 10. 18. fly 26.comp
eat lete

3. 11. 19. hit 27. be

work catch
4. 12. 20. 28.
leave arrive write learn
5. 13. 21. 29. bite
feed make say
6. 14. 22.spe 30. find
bring give ak
7. 15. do 23.spe 31.
drink nd throw
8. buy 16. 24. 32.
teach think blow
34 Irregular/regular verbs: V1,
V1
V2, V3 (PP)
V2 V3 V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3
1. see saw seen 9. go went gone 17. sang sung 25. sit sat sat
sing
2. cut cut cut 10. ate eaten 18. fly flew flown 26.comp comple compl
eat lete ted eted

3. worke worke 11. caugh caugh 19. hit hit hit 27. be was/w been
work d d catch t t ere

4. left left 12. arrive arrive 20. wrote writte 28. learnt learnt/
leave arrive d d write n learn /ed ed

5. fed fed 13. made made 21. said said 29. bite bit bitten
feed make say
6. broug broug 14. gave given 22.spe spoke spoke 30. find found found
bring ht ht give ak n
7. drank drunk 15. do did done 23.spe spent spent 31. threw throw
drink nd throw n
8. buy bough bough 16. taught taught 24. thoug thoug 32. blew blown
t t teach think ht ht blow
 V2, V3 regular verbs:
pronunciation
◦Stay /t/ /d/ /id/
p, k, s, f, th, ch, all other sounds d, t
◦Play
sh, x
◦Wait Arrived Completed
◦Wrap Worked
◦Watch
◦Visit
◦Cook
◦Wash
◦Look
◦Seem
◦Need
◦want
◦Return
◦Miss
◦Decide
 V2, V3 regular verbs:
pronunciation
◦Stay
◦Play
◦Wait
◦Wrap
◦Watch
◦Visit
◦Cook
◦Wash
◦Look
◦Seem
◦Need
◦want
◦Return
◦Miss
◦Decide
Speaking (Page 19, Activity 1)
Discuss the questions.
1. Describe the village / town or
city where you grew up. What 3
adjectives would you use to
describe it?
2. How has it changed in recent
years?
3. How have the changes affected
you and the people living
there?
4. Do you think the changes have
Reading (Page 19, Activity 2)

Read a comment from a

website about how cities
have changed. What
changes does the writer
mention?
Reading (Page 19, Activity 2)

Read a comment from a

website about how cities
have changed. What
changes does the writer
mention?

The area is not empty now

but has business and
residential buildings.
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 3)
Look at the verb forms
underlined in the text.
Which ones are:

1. past simple (V2)?

2. present perfect simple

(have / has + V3)?
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 3)
Look at the verb forms
underlined in the text.
Which ones are:

1. past simple (V2)?

Sentences 1, 3 and 6
2. present perfect simple (have
/ has + V3)?
Sentences 2, 4 and 5
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
(+) STRUCTURE (+) STRUCTURE
S. V2 O. V.
S. O.
I, you, she, aux. V3
he, it, we, English. I, you, we,
they they
(-) STRUCTURE
English.
V. he/she/it
S. O.
aux. V1
(-) STRUCTURE
I, you, she,
V.
he, it, we, English. S. O.
they aux V. (p.p.)
YES/NO (?) STRUCTURE I, you, we,
V. V. they
S. O. English.
aux. V1
he/she/it
I, you, she, he,
Did English? YES/NO (?) STRUCTURE
it, we, they
V. V.
S. O.
aux. V. (p.p.)
OPEN Q: _______________________________ I, you, we,
they English?
OPEN Q: _______________________________
he/she/it
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
(+) STRUCTURE (+) STRUCTURE
S. V2 O. V.
S. O.
I, you, she, aux. V3
he, it, we, learned English. I, you, we,
they have
(-) STRUCTURE they
learned English.
V. he/she/it has
S. O.
aux. V1
(-) STRUCTURE
I, you,
she, he, V.
S. O.
it, we, didn’t learn English. aux V. (p.p.)
they I, you, we,
YES/NO (?) STRUCTURE they haven’t
learned English.
V. V.
S. O. he/she/it hasn’t
aux. V1
I, you, YES/NO (?) STRUCTURE
she, he, V. V.
Did learn English? S. O.
it, we, aux. V. (p.p.)
they
OPEN Q: _______________________________ I, you, we,
Have
they learned English?
OPEN Q: _______________________________
Has he/she/it
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 4)
Match the verbs 1-6 with uses A-F.
A. We use the past simple when we give
the time an action happened in the past.
B. We use the present perfect simple when
something happened in the past but we
do not give the time because we don’t
know or it isn’t important.
C. We use the present perfect simple when
we talk about something that began in
the past and is still continuing.
D. We use the past simple for an activity
that continued for a period in the past.
E. We use the present perfect simple with
ever, never, already, just, yet.
F. We use the past simple to talk about
something that happened at a certain
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 4)
Match the verbs 1-6 with uses A-F.
A. We use the past simple when we give
(Sentence
the time an action happened in the past.
1)
B. We use the present perfect simple when
something happened in the past but we
do not give the time because we don’t
(Sentence
know or it isn’t important.
2)

C. We use the present perfect simple when

we talk about something that began in
(Sentence
4)
the past and is still continuing.
(Sentence
D. We use the past simple for an activity
3)
that continued for a period in the past.
E. (Sentence
We use the present perfect simple with
5)
ever, never, already, just, yet.
F. We use the past simple to talk about
something that happened at a certain
(Sentence
6)
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 5)
If you meet someone who lives in Sydney now, which is the correct question to ask?
Why?

A. How long did you live in Sydney? B. How long have you lived in Sydney?
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 5)
If you meet someone who lives in Sydney now, which is the correct question to ask?
Why?
Past Present perfect
simple
A. How long did you live in Sydney? B. How long have you lived in Sydney?
Simple tenses talk about completed / Perfect tenses connect two time periods.
finished events.

NOW

started continu
started left not in Sydney living in es to be
living in Sydn Sydney in
Sydney ey Sydney
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Do I know when it happened?
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Yes – in 2016. Do I know when it happened? No (at some point
in the past).
USE: We use the past simple for events
that happened at a specific time. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
events that happened at a non-specific /
unknown time.
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Yes – in 2016. Do I know when it happened? No (at some point
in the past).
USE: We use the past simple for events
that happened at a specific time. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
2. I knew my friend Melissa for two years. events
2. I havethat
knownhappened atMelissa
my friend a non-specific /
for three years.
Are we still in touch? unknown
Are we stilltime.
in touch?
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Yes – in 2016. Do I know when it happened? No (at some point
in the past).
USE: We use the past simple for events
that happened at a specific time. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
2. I knew my friend Melissa for two years. events
2. I havethat
knownhappened
my friendatMelissa
a non-specific /
for three years.
Are we still in touch? No – after I left NY, we lost unknown
Are we stilltime.
in touch? Yes.
touch. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished unfinished actions that started in the past
actions with no relevance to the and continue into the present.
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Yes – in 2016. Do I know when it happened? No (at some point
in the past).
USE: We use the past simple for events
that happened at a specific time. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
2. I knew my friend Melissa for two years. events
2. I havethat
knownhappened
my friendatMelissa
a non-specific /
for three years.
Are we still in touch? No – after I left NY, we lost unknown
Are we stilltime.
in touch? Yes.
touch. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished unfinished actions that started in the past
actions with no relevance to three
the and continue
3. I have visitedinto the present.
NY three times.
3. My great-grandma visited NY
times. Can I go back?
Can she go back.
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Yes – in 2016. Do I know when it happened? No (at some point
in the past).
USE: We use the past simple for events
that happened at a specific time. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
2. I knew my friend Melissa for two years. events
2. I havethat
knownhappened
my friendatMelissa
a non-specific /
for three years.
Are we still in touch? No – after I left NY, we lost unknown
Are we stilltime.
in touch? Yes.
touch. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished unfinished actions that started in the past
actions with no relevance to three
the and continue
3. I have visitedinto the present.
NY three times.
3. My great-grandma visited NY
times. Can I go back? Yes.
Can she go back. No (because she’s dead). USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished actions in someone’s life when the
finished actions in someone’s life person is still alive (i.e. life experience).
when the person is dead.
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Yes – in 2016. Do I know when it happened? No (at some point
in the past).
USE: We use the past simple for events
that happened at a specific time. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
2. I knew my friend Melissa for two years. events
2. I havethat
knownhappened
my friendatMelissa
a non-specific /
for three years.
Are we still in touch? No – after I left NY, we lost unknown
Are we stilltime.
in touch? Yes.
touch. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished unfinished actions that started in the past
actions with no relevance to three
the and continue
3. I have visitedinto the present.
NY three times.
3. My great-grandma visited NY
times. Can I go back? Yes.
Can she go back. No (because she’s dead). USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished actions in someone’s life when the
finished actions in someone’s life person is still alive (i.e. life experience).
4. I lost my passport. 4. I have lost my passport.
when the person is dead.
Is this still a problem? Is this still a problem?
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Yes – in 2016. Do I know when it happened? No (at some point
in the past).
USE: We use the past simple for events
that happened at a specific time. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
2. I knew my friend Melissa for two years. events
2. I havethat
knownhappened
my friendatMelissa
a non-specific /
for three years.
Are we still in touch? No – after I left NY, we lost unknown
Are we stilltime.
in touch? Yes.
touch. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished unfinished actions that started in the past
actions with no relevance to three
the and continue
3. I have visitedinto the present.
NY three times.
3. My great-grandma visited NY
times. Can I go back? Yes.
Can she go back. No (because she’s dead). USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished actions in someone’s life when the
finished actions in someone’s life person is still alive (i.e. life experience).
4. I lost my passport. 4. I have lost my passport.
when the person is dead.
Is this still a problem? No – I found my Is this still a problem? Yes – my passport is still lost
passport or got a new one so it doesn’t (and now I can’t go back to ...)
affect me anymore. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished actions with a result in the present.
finished actions with NO result in the
present.
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Yes – in 2016. Do I know when it happened? No (at some point
in the past).
USE: We use the past simple for events
that happened at a specific time. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
2. I knew my friend Melissa for two years. events
2. I havethat
knownhappened
my friendatMelissa
a non-specific /
for three years.
Are we still in touch? No – after I left NY, we lost unknown
Are we stilltime.
in touch? Yes.
touch. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished unfinished actions that started in the past
actions with no relevance to three
the and continue
3. I have visitedinto the present.
NY three times.
3. My great-grandma visited NY
times. Can I go back? Yes.
Can she go back. No (because she’s dead). USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished actions in someone’s life when the
finished actions in someone’s life person is still alive (i.e. life experience).
4. I lost my passport. 4. I have lost my passport.
when the person is dead.
Is this still a problem? No – I found my Is this still a problem? Yes – my passport is still lost
passport or got a new one so it doesn’t (and now I can’t go back to ...)
affect me anymore. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished actions with a result in the present.
finished actions with NO result in the
5. Clue Words: Finished time words: last 5. Clue Words Unfinished time words: this week,.
present.
week, Adverbs (7):
 Past Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016.
Do I know when it happened?
USE: We use the past simple for
____________________
_____________________________________________
2. I knew my friend Melissa for two years.
Are we still in touch?
USE: We use the past simple for
____________________
_____________________________________________
3. My great-grandma visited NY three
times.
Can she go back.
USE: We use the past simple for
___________________
4. I lost my passport.
____________________________________________
Is this still a problem?
USE: We use the past simple for
__________________
____________________________________________
5. Clue Words: Finished time words:
_______________
___________________________________________
Present Perfect Simple
1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened?
USE: We use the present perfect simple
for________________
__________________________________________________
2. I have known my friend Melissa for three years.
Are we still in touch?
USE: We use the present perfect simple for
________________
__________________________________________________
3. I have visited NY three times.
Can I go back?
USE: We use the present perfect simple for
_________________
___________________________________________________
4. I have lost my passport.
Is this still a problem?
USE: We use the present perfect simple for
________________
__________________________________________________
5. Clue Words Unfinished time
words:____________________
Adverbs (7): ___________________________
 Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
1. I lived in NY in 2016. 1. I have lived in NY.
Do I know when it happened? Yes – in 2016. Do I know when it happened? No (at some point
in the past).
USE: We use the past simple for events
that happened at a specific time. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
2. I knew my friend Melissa for two years. events
2. I havethat
knownhappened
my friendatMelissa
a non-specific /
for three years.
Are we still in touch? No – after I left NY, we lost unknown
Are we stilltime.
in touch? Yes.
touch. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished unfinished actions that started in the past
actions with no relevance to three
the and continue
3. I have visitedinto the present.
NY three times.
3. My great-grandma visited NY
times. Can I go back? Yes.
Can she go back. No (because she’s dead). USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished actions in someone’s life when the
finished actions in someone’s life person is still alive (i.e. life experience).
4. I lost my passport. 4. I have lost my passport.
when the person is dead.
Is this still a problem? No – I found my Is this still a problem? Yes – my passport is still lost
passport or got a new one so it doesn’t (and now I can’t go back to ...)
affect me anymore. USE: We use the present perfect simple for
USE: We use the past simple for finished actions with a result in the present.
finished actions with NO result in the
5. Clue Words: Finished time words: last 5. Clue Words Unfinished time words: this week, this
present.
week, last month, yesterday, etc. month, today.
Adverbs (7): for, since, ever, never, just,
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 6) *for = a period of time
*since = a certain point in
time
Complete the sentences with for or since.

1. Tony has been in England ___________ the end of last month. First, he
stayed at a hotel in the centre of London ___________ five days. Then
he went to see my sister in York and he’s been at her house
___________ the last week.
2. Sofía lived in Paris ___________ a year when she was a student but she
hasn’t been back there ___________ she left in 1998. She hasn’t used
her French ___________ then and that’s a long time ago!
3. My sister was a student in Rome ___________ three years and she
returned ___________ a two-week holiday last summer. The city has
changed a lot ___________ she was there.
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 6) *for = a period of time
*since = a certain point in
time
Complete the sentences with for or since.

1. Tony has been in England sin

___________ the end of last month. First, he
stayed at a hotel in the ce
for
centre of London ___________ five days. Then
forin York and he’s been at her house
he went to see my sister
___________ the lastfor
week.
sin in Paris ___________ a year when she was a student
2. Sofía lived sin but she
hasn’t ce
been back there ___________ she left in 1998. Shecehasn’t used
her French ___________ then and forthat’s a long time ago!
for was a student in Rome ___________ three years and she
3. My sister sinc
returned ___________ a two-week holiday last summer. The citye has
changed a lot ___________ she was there.
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 7)
Complete another comment from
the website with the correct form
of the verbs in brackets.
Grammar (Page 19, Activity 7)
Complete another comment from
the website with the correct form
of the verbs in brackets.

studied
went
have knocked
down
stayed

looked
round have
put
have also
built
haven’t
finished
Speaking (Page 19, Activity 6)
1.Have you ever passed out (fainted)?
Where did you go?
Who did you go with?
2. Have you ever broken a bone?
How did it happen?
3. Have you ever tried an extreme sport?
What sport did you try?
Would you do it again?
4. Have you ever eaten a strange food?
What did you try?
Where were you?
Did you like it?
Have you ever been on a blind date?
Was it a good experience?
Did you seen them again?
Did they look like their profile picture?
2. Have you ever seen snow?
Where were you?
Was it beautiful?
3. Have you ever driven a truck?
Why did you drive a truck?
4. Have you ever seen a kangaroo?
Where did you see it?
Did you get a selfy?