ENG 102

Lecture 14 & 15
In-text Citation and Referencing (APA)
APA is an 'author/date' system. So, your in-text reference for all
formats (book, journal article, web document) consists of the author(s)
surname and year of publication.

The basics of an in-text reference in APA:

 Include author or authors and year of publication.

 Use round brackets.

Example: (Smith & Bruce, 2018)

2. If you quote directly from an author you need to include the page or
paragraph number of the quote in your in-text reference.

Include author or authors, year of publication and page or paragraph

number of your quote.

 Use round brackets.

Example: (Smith & Bruce, 2018, pp. 25-26)

3. 3 or more authors:

Multiple author names are separated using a comma. Only the final
name in the list is preceded by an (“&”), for example: 

(Taylor, Johnson, & Parker, 2019).

Use “et al.” to shorten in-text citations of sources with 6+ authors (first
in-text citations) and 3+ authors (subsequent in-text citations), for
example: (Taylor et al., 2019).
1 author (Taylor, 2018) (Taylor, 2018)

2 authors (Taylor & Kotler, 2018) (Taylor & Kotler, 2018)

3 – 5 authors (Taylor, Kotler, (Taylor et al., 2018)

Johnson, & Parker,
2018)
Do you remember integral and non integral referencing??

#couple of examples from IELTS paper

Go to page 62 of our course book