EEE 302

Electrical Networks II
Dr. Keith E. Holbert
Summer 2001

Lecture 22 1
 Resonant Circuits
• Resonant frequency: the frequency at which the
impedance of a series RLC circuit or the admittance
of a parallel RLC circuit is purely real, i.e., the
imaginary term is zero (ωL=1/ωC)
• For both series and parallel RLC circuits, the
resonance frequency is 1
0 
LC
• At resonance the voltage and current are in phase,
(i.e., zero phase angle) and the power factor is unity

Lecture 22 2
 Quality Factor (Q)
• An energy analysis of a RLC circuit provides a basic
definition of the quality factor (Q) that is used across
engineering disciplines, specifically:
WS Max Energy Stored at  0
Q  2  2
WD Energy Dissipated per Cycle

• The quality factor is a measure of the sharpness of

the resonance peak; the larger the Q value, the
sharper the peak 0
Q
where BW=bandwidth BW
Lecture 22 3
 Bandwidth (BW)
• The bandwidth (BW) is the difference between the
two half-power frequencies
BW = ωHI – ωLO = 0 / Q
• Hence, a high-Q circuit has a small bandwidth
• Note that: 02 = ωLO ωHI
 1 1 
 LO &  HI  0    1
 2Q  2Q  
2

• See Figs. 12.23 and 12.24 in textbook (p. 692 & 694)

Lecture 22 4
 Series RLC Circuit
• For a series RLC circuit the quality factor is
0 0 L 1 1 L
Q  Qseries   
BW R  0 CR R C

Lecture 22 5
 Class Examples
• Extension Exercise E12.8
• Extension Exercise E12.9
• Extension Exercise E12.10
• Extension Exercise E12.11
• Extension Exercise E12.12

Lecture 22 6
 Parallel RLC Circuit
• For a parallel RLC circuit, the quality factor is

0 R C
Q  Q parallel    0 CR  R
BW 0 L L

Lecture 22 7
 Class Example
• Extension Exercise E12.13

Lecture 22 8
 Scaling
• Two methods of scaling:
1) Magnitude (or impedance) scaling multiplies the
impedance by a scalar, KM
– resonant frequency, bandwidth, quality factor are
unaffected
2) Frequency scaling multiplies the frequency by a
scalar, ω'=KFω
– resonant frequency, bandwidth, quality factor are
affected

Lecture 22 9
 Magnitude Scaling
• Magnitude scaling multiplies the impedance by a
scalar, that is, Znew = Zold KM
• Resistor: ZR’ = KM ZR = KM R
R’ = KM R
• Inductor: ZL’ = KM ZL = KM jL
L’ = KM L
• Capacitor: ZC’ = KM ZC = KM / (jC)
C’ = C / KM

Lecture 22 10
 Frequency Scaling
• Frequency scaling multiplies the frequency by a
scalar, that is, ωnew = ωold KF but Znew=Zold
• Resistor: R” = ZR = R
R” = R
• Inductor: j(KF)L = ZL = jL
L” = L / KF
• Capacitor: 1 / [j (KF) C] = ZC = 1 / (jC)
C” = C / KF

Lecture 22 11
 Class Example
• Extension Exercise E12.15

Lecture 22 12