PETRO

LOGI TGT 1201

Program Studi Teknik Geologi

Fakultas Teknologi Mineral

Kuliah 2
BATUAN BEKU

Subhan Arif
Outline:
• Pengertian
• Klasifikasi batuan beku
• Struktur batuan beku
• Tekstur batuan beku
• Kimia batuan beku
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Igneous rocks are the natural
products of cooling, crystallization and
solidification of extremely hot mobile
molten material (magma/lava)
originated from the deepest parts
of the Earth.

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CRUST:
Oceanic crust
Thin: 10 km
Relatively uniform stratigraphy
= ophiolite suite:
• Sediments
• pillow basalt
• sheeted dikes
• more massive gabbro
• ultramafic (mantle)

Continental Crust
Thicker: 20-90 km average ~35 k
Highly variable composition

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Igneous rocks are formed in cooling, crystallization and
solidification of minerals from magma inside the Earth or
crystallization of lava ejected from volcanoes on Earth’s surface or
on the seafloor. 5
Magma (Greek:
magma means hot,
molten mass) is the
name for the molten
mass in the Earth’s
interior that
penetrates the
lithosphere.

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Klasifikasi Batuan Beku (Genetic)

Igneous rocks, those are formed by slow and

gradual cooling and crystallization of minerals
from magma inside the Earth, i.e. deeper
below the surface, are called INTRUSIVE
(PLUTONIC) igneous rocks.
 From the Latin “intrudere” meaning to
“break” or “Pluto” representing “God of the
underworld”

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Klasifikasi Batuan Beku (Genetic)

Igneous rocks, those are formed by relatively

rapid cooling, crystallization of lava from
volcanoes on Earth’s surface or on the
seafloor, and are called EFFUSIVE
(VOLCANIC) igneous rocks
 From the Latin “effusio” means “discharge”

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Klasifikasi Batuan Beku (Mineral)

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Igneous Rock Classification
PERIDOTITE

base
identification
on:
-dark minerals
-feldspars
-quartz

increasing
melting
temperature
Klasifikasi Batuan Beku (Komposisi)

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Klasifikasi Batuan Beku (Komposisi)

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Klasifikasi Batuan Beku (Kimia )

Felsic igneous rocks refer to light-color, lowspecific gravity and high-silicate

minerals, magma and rocks. The most common felsic minerals are quartz,
orthoclase and sodium-rich plagioclase feldspar and muscovite. The common felsic
rocks are granite and rhyolite containing +63% SiO2.
 
Intermediate igneous rocks contain SiO2 between 52% and 63% with common
examples of andesite and dacite.
 
Mafic or basic igneous rocks have low silica between (45% and 52% SiO2) and
typically composed of minerals with high iron and magnesium content such as
pyroxene and olivine. The most common rocks are gabbro and basalt.
 
Ultramafic or ultrabasic igneous rocks contain <45% SiO2, >18% MgO, high FeO, low
potassium and generally +90% mafic minerals. The common rocks are dunite,
peridotite and pyroxenite.
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Klasifikasi Batuan Beku (Komposisi)

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Klasifikasi Batuan
Beku (Komposisi
Mineral)

Modal classification and

nomenclature of the igneous
rocks according to the
International Union of 15
Geological Sciences (IUGS)
Klasifikasi Batuan
Beku (Komposisi
Mineral)

Modal classification and

nomenclature of the igneous
rocks according to the
International Union of 16
Geological Sciences (IUGS)
Klasifikasi Batuan
Beku (Komposisi
Kimia)

Chemical classification of volcanic

rocks using TAS (total alkali–silica
diagram) (after Le Bas et al., 1986
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Kelompok Mineral Alkali Feldspar

• Sanidin
• Ortoklas
• Adularia
• Mikroklin
• Anortoklas

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Kelompok Mineral Plagioklas Feldspar

• Anortit
• Bitownit
• Labradorit
• Andesine
• Ologoklas
• Albit
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Kelompok Mineral Feldpatoid

• Leusit (KAlSi2O6),
• Kaliofilit (KAlSiO4),
• Kalsilit (KAlSiO4),
• Nefelin (NaAlSiO4),
• Sodalit (Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl2)),
• Nosean (Na8Al6Si6O24(SO4)),
• Kankrinit
(Na8Al6Si6O24(HCO3)2), 20
Kelompok Mineral Clinopyroxene

• Augit
• Diopsit
• Aegirine
• Jadeit
• Pigeonite
• Spodumene

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Kelompok Mineral Orthopyroxene

• Hypersthene
• Enstatite
• Ferrosilite

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THANK YOU

Subhan Arif, S. T., M. T.

+62 852 4693 1409

s.arif@akprind.ac.id
sbhan.arif@gmail.com