Objectives

On completion of this period , you would be

able to know:

 Construction of Pattern

 Colour Codes

 Core

 Advantages & Properties of Cores.

1
 Construction of Pattern
Factors to be considered while making a pattern:

 Type of metal to be cast

 Number of castings required .

 Method of moulding.

 Pattern allowances.

Contd…

2
 Construction of pattern
These are the steps
 Pattern layout.

 Construction of pattern.

Fig. 1 Pattern.
3
 Pattern Layout

Steps to be followed for new pattern layout are:

• Study the blue print

• Select reference surfaces
• Select pattern allowances
• Do marking
• Select suitable colour codes
• Preserve

4
 Shaping the pattern

 Study the pattern layout.

 Construct main part
 Cut out parts of pattern
 Provide draft on cut out parts.
 Check with Lay out for correct dimensions
 Assemble all parts together with glue or
dowel pins.

Contd…
5
 Shaping the pattern

 Smooth any rough surface with sand paper.

 Coat the Pattern with Shellac .

 Place the Wax fillets on all corners

 Make repairs if required

 Coat the surface with specific Colour

6
 Colour Codes for the Pattern

Colour coding is used in order to:

 Identify the different parts and surface
finish
 Identify Core prints,Seats&Loose pieces.
 Identify the Surface to be machined
 Identify type of metal to be casted.

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 Colour coding system

Surface Colour
 Surface to be unmachined Black
 Surface to be machined Red
 Seats of Core prints Yellow
 Parting surface on a Split Pattern No Color

Contd…
8
 Colour Coding System

 Seats & Loose Pieces : Red strips on yellow

back ground
 Stop offs (supports) : Black strips on
yellow back ground

9
 Core
 Used for forming holes and cavities in
Casting.

 Made from special moulding sand

 Baked in Oven

Fig.2.Core
10
 Advantages of Cores

 To provide internal holes and cavities

 Intricate Castings can be produced

 Core may be used as part of Mould.

 Improves strength of Mould surface.

 Used as part of Gating system.

11
 Desired Properties of Core

 Sufficient strength to withstand force of molten

metal.

 High permeability

 Has good collapsibility

 Has high refractoriness

12
 Types of cores

1. According to the material used

 Green sand cores:
• These are prepared by green sand
 Dry sand cores:
• These are prepared by synthetic sand
• Baked in oven
• Inserted in the mould

Fig.3.Dry sand core

According to the position of Cores

 Horizontal Core.
 Vertical Core.
 Balanced Core.
 Cover Core.
 Hanged Core.
 Wing Core.
 Ram-up Core.
 Kiss Core.

14
 Horizontal Core
 This Core is of Cylindrical form.
 Used to produce circular holes.
 Placed horizontally in mould.

Fig 4.Horizontal Core

15
 Vertical Core

• Placed vertically in the Mould.

• Used to produce vertical hole in the Mould.
• Taper is provided on the Core.

Fig 5. Vertical Core

16
 Balanced Core

 Half of Core is kept in mould & half of Core in

Sand.

 Used to produce blind holes in Moulds.

Fig 6. Balanced Core

17
 Cover Core

 Mounted on Drag

Supported by fillets.

Fig 7. Cover Core

18
 Hanging Core
 This Core hangs from the Cope

 It is supported by fillets in Drag.

Fig 8. Hanging Core

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 Wing Core
 This Core is used When hole is required.

 Above or below parting line.

 It is also called Stop-off Core.

Fig 9. Wing Core

20
 Ram-up Core

 Set in the Mould along with Pattern

 Used to make holes in inaccessible positions.

Fig 10 Ram-Up Core

21
 Kiss Core

 The Core is held in between Cope & Drag.

Fig 11. Kiss Core

22
 Summary

In this class , you have learnt …

 Type of metal, number of castings, moulding method,

etc will decide the making of pattern
 Pattern layout, shaping the pattern are the key steps in
pattern making
 Core is meant for providing internal features in castings
 Horizontal, vertical, hanging, kiss etc are the types of
cores.

23
 Quiz

• Surface to be machined is coated by

---------------------------------colour.
(Red)
• Colour of seats & loose pieces are shown by
----------------------------
(Red strips on yellow background)
• Balanced Core means -----------------------------
(Half in mould cavity and half in moulding
sand)

24
Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is meant by pattern?

2. What are the types of patterns?

3. What are the various types of pattern

allowances?

25
 Essay type Questions

 Describe the sequence of Operations in Pattern

making?

 What are the various types of Color codes used for

Patterns?

 What is Core? What are advantages of Cores?

 What are the various types of Cores? Explain any

four?

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