Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FINAL Snake Bite Case Pres
FINAL Snake Bite Case Pres
Presented by:
Arturo Niño G. Lajada III
Maria Abegail U. Batioco
Krissa Marie C. Paña
Jessica O. Ruga
Monica Angelique P. Salayo
EPIDEMIOLOGY:
Burden of human suffering:
In 2009, snake bite was recognized for the first time by WHO as a
neglected tropical disease.
South and southeast Asia were identified as having the highest snake
bite incidence and associated mortality
Did You Know That?
Though the exact number of snake bites is unknown, an estimated
5.4 million people are bitten each year with up to 2.7 million
envenomings.
Around 81 000 to 138 000 people die each year because of snake
bites, and around three times as many amputations and other
permanent disabilities are caused by snakebites annually.
Bites by venomous snakes can cause paralysis that may prevent
breathing, bleeding disorders that can lead to a fatal hemorrhage,
irreversible kidney failure and tissue damage that can cause
permanent disability and limb amputation.
Agricultural workers and children are the most affected. Children
often suffer more severe effects than adults, due to their smaller
body mass.
Here in the Philippines, the highest cases are in Bohol.
DEFINITION:
A bite from a snake, whether venomous (such as a
rattlesnake, copperhead, cottonmouth water
moccasin, or coral snake) or non-venomous
requires immediate medical attention. If venomous,
the venom will eventually travel within the
circulatory system. Bringing the venom to the brain
causing neurotoxicity.
How to identify venomous snakes
Some harmless snakes have evolved to look almost identical
to venomous ones. Thus making identifications difficult.
Unfortunately, there is no simple rule for identifying a
dangerous venomous snake, except through observations
and laboratory examination.
Types of Venomous Snakes:
There are about 3,000 species of snakes; fewer than 200 of these
cause severe envenomation in humans. Venomous snakes belong to
4 families:
Atractaspididae: burrowing asps, mole vipers, Natal black snake,
stiletto snakes
Colubridae: arboreal back-fanged snakes, including boomslangs
Elapidae: cobras, kraits, mambas, coral snakes, Australasian
snakes, sea snakes
Viperidae: Old World vipers and adders, American rattlesnakes,
moccasins, lance-headed vipers, Asian pit vipers
How Snakes Envenomate:
Venom is produced in a modified salivary gland and injected with
needle-sharp fangs that have a venom groove or channel.
Atractaspididae have long front fangs that impale the victim.
Colubridae have short, fixed back fangs that are not very efficient in
envenoming large prey, but several species, notably the African
boomslang, have caused severe envenomation in humans.
Elapidae have short, fixed front fangs that inject venom or, in the
case of spitting cobras, spray venom into the eyes of their prey or
aggressor.
Viperidae have long, hinged front fangs that inject venom deeply.
RISK FACTORS:
Modifiable Non-modifiable
Local Density of Snake Population Age (toddler-old aged)
Activities that bring people into Gender (Male)
contact with snakes
Aggressiveness or timidity of the
species of snake
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:
Fang marks in the skin
Bleeding from wound
Burning sensation of the affected skin
Blurred vision
Convulsions
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Excessive sweating
Fainting
Ecchymosis
Fever
Increased thirst
Collapse (hypotension, shock)
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Severe headache
“Heaviness” of the eyelids
Inappropriate drowsiness
PATIENT’S ACCOUNT:
Name: PATIENT X
Age: 67 years old
Address: 021 Piesces St. Kataasan, Taliptip, Bulacan
Status: Widowed
Birthplace: Bulacan
Date of Birth: April 27, 1952
Occupation: Jeepney Driver
Educ.Attainment: Elementary Grad.
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Chief Complaint: Snake bite at the R-hand 3rd digit
Legend: hypertension
WIFE
diabetes
PATIENT X
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT:
Physiological Changes of aging
1. Integumentary system:
• 2 fang marks on the right hand 3rd digit
• Loss of pigment in hair and skin
• Increased nail thickness
• Long nails with black crowns on top
• Thinning of the epidermis
• Decreased skin turgor
• Loss of elasticity and subcutaneous fat
• Wrinkling of the skin
2. Neurological System:
Aware of time, place and person
Able to answer questions appropriately
Slowed reflexes
Dizziness
3. Musculoskeletal system:
Decrease ROM
Decreased in physical strength
Increased brittleness of the bone
4. Cardiopulmonary system:
Energy and endurance diminishes
Decreased strength and function of respiratory muscles
Increased blood pressure
5. Respiratory System:
Decreased respiratory effort
7. GIT
Digestive disturbances
Decreased stomach emptying time
Increased tendency towards constipation
Difficulty in chewing and swallowing food
8. Endocrine System:
Decreased metabolic rate
9. Renal System:
Decreased capacity of the bladder
Subjective: Acute pain After 1 hour of Assess level of To properly After 1 hour of
“I can feel a related to nursing pain through plan pain nursing
sharp pain on affected area of intervention the PQRST management intervention the
my finger” snake bite patient’s pain strategies patient’s pain
will be relieved has been
Help patient To distract and relieved
Objective: find divisional focus patient’s
Presence of activities attention away
discolorations from the pain
Swelling on Teach patient To help calm
affected area deep breathing patient in
exercise episodes of
Guarding frustration
behavior
Provide and The pain will be
Irritability ambient exaggerated if
environment external
stressors are
bothering
NURSING CARE PLAN
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION
Provide The medication
analgesic when will help relieve
patient request the pain felt by
during the patient
episodes of
intolerable pain
NURSING CARE PLAN
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION
Subjective: Impaired skin After 8 hours of Monitor site for Inspecting After 8 hours of
“sobrang kati integrity related nursing discoloration, affected site nursing
nang sugat to compromise intervention the swelling, can identify intervention the
nato” of the patient will be warmth, pain, impending patient has
Integumentary able to or other signs problems early been able to
Objective: system participate in of infection. and make participate in
2 fang marks preventive appropriate preventive
found on R- activities nursing health activities
hand 3rd digit management
plan
Scab formation Teach patient To identify the
on affected how to assess presence of
area and monitor for infection
signs of
Increased temp infection
of affected area
Tell patient to As it can cause
avoid rubbing injury and delay
area. healing
NURSING CARE PLAN
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION
Encourage To help and
patient to promote
increase healing
protein intake
Black crows on
fingernails
Presence of
swelling
Scab formation
on affected
area
NURSING CARE PLAN
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION
NURSING CARE PLAN
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION