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Indices 1
Indices 1
index or power
7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 75
base
Multiplying: 3 2 35 (3 3) (3 3 3 3 3) 37
RULE 1 am × an = am + n
333333
Dividing: 36 32 3
4
33
RULE 2 am ÷ an = am − n
Raising to a power: (4 2 )3 (4 4) (4 4) (4 4) 4 6
RULE 3 (am)n = am × n
Examples
1 Simplify a y4 × y5 b x7 ÷ x4 c (p3)4
2 Simplify a 2p 2q 5 5p 4q 3 b 6a5b7
2a 2b3
a 2p 2q 5 5p 4q 3 2 5 p 2 p 4 q 5 q 3
10 p 24 q 53
10p 6q 8
b 6a5b7 6
(a5 a 2 ) (b7 b3 )
2a 2b3 2
3 a52 b73
3a3b 4
33 1
Negative powers: 32 34 2
3333 3
and 3 2 3 4 3 24 3 2
1
so 3 2 2
3
RULE 4 1
a m
am
3333
Zero powers: 34 34 1
3333
and 3 4 3 4 3 44 30
so 30 1
RULE 5 a0 = 1
Examples
2
1 Work out the values of a 2−3 b 70 c (−2)−3 d 3
4
a 1 1 1
23
23 222 8
b 70 1
1 1 1
c (2)3
(2)3 (2) (2) (2) 8
2 2
3 4 4 4 16
d
4 3 3 3 9
Examples
b 3x 5 2x 4 3 2 x 5 x 4 6 x 54 6x 1
12
d (p 3 )4 p 34 p multiply the powers