Nucleolar cycle

Metaphase

Telophase
Anaphase
Prophase
DNA
Preparation to mitosis Preparation to DNA replication replication

G2 Mitosis G1 S

Nuclear Nucleolus
envelope
Dissociation of nucleolus Formation of nucleolus
Centriolar cycle
 Control of cell cycle:
Control of passing from one stage to another.
Each event starts after previous event is ended.
Main events:
-     beginning of DNA synthesis
-        beginning of cell division.
Beginning of each main event take place after
passing a restriction point:
R1 – G1 / S
R2 – G2 / Mitosis
 Restriction points:
R1 – G1 / S
R2 – G2 / Mitosis

Check points:
I – G1 (checking of cell grow, environment
factors)
II – G2/Mitosis (checking of cell grow,
environment factors, quality of replication)
III – Metaphase (checking if mitotic spindle is
attached correctly).
 Factors of control of cell cycle

Transcription
Receptors Secondary
messengers factors
External
Oncogenes

Stimulators Inhibitors
Protooncogenes TSG (tumor
suppressor
genes)
 DNA repair

Cell cycle p53 C-myc Mitogens

Bcl-2

Apoptosis
Pro-onc TSG

Pro-onc TSG

Pro-onc
Cyclin В

Destroying of
Cyclins В

Destroying
of Cyclin А

Cyclins G1

Cyclin А
Destroying of
Cyclins G1
Cyclins – proteins that control cell cycle:
1. Destroy the previous stage complex
2. Ensure activity of actual stage complex
3. Activate next stage complex

сdk2-cyclin Е

сdk2-cyclin D1, сdk2-cyclin A сdk1-cyclin A

D2, D3 сdk1-cyclin B

Restriction
poin
 Growth
Factor factor
de creştere
Receptor
Receptor

Cytoplasm
CITOSOL
Kinase1 1
Kinaza

Kinase
Kinaza 22

Gene
Genă activation
activată de by
proteina reglatoare
regulatory protein

Gene
Gena of primary response
răspunsului primar

Gene of secondary response

Activation
Activarea of cell de
sistemului cycle control
control system
a ciclului celular