Use of Crumb Rubber in

Pavement

Ali Adnan & Muhanad Kadim

PRESENTATION TOPICS

1 ASPHALT RUBBER - RAC “101”

2 CRUMB RUBBER

3 RAC APPLICATIONS

4 BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS

5 CONCLUSIONS
WHAT IS ASPHALT RUBBER ? Section
1

AR 101
ASPHALT RUBBER ASTM D8
A blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire
rubber at least 15% by weight of the total blend
and has reacted in the hot asphalt cement
sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber
particles

RELATED SPECIFICATION ASTM D 6114

Standard Specification for Asphalt Rubber
Binder
Asphalt Rubber Makeup 1

AR 101

WET PROCESS
Adding graded rubber to asphalt and mixing and
reacting-requires agitation

HIGH VISCOSITY – No Agitation

Adding fine rubber typically < #30 to asphalt at
the terminal-generally little or no agitation.
DRY PROCESS
Use CRM as substitute for 1-3% of Aggregate by
mixing crumb rubber directly with aggregate
used for asphalt concrete
Wet Process 1

AR 101

Method of modifying asphalt cement

with CRM and other components

 Most widely used in CA, AZ, FL & TX

 Contains maximum 22 % crumb rubber
 Agency spec vary
 Particle sizes # 8 to #10 top size
Asphalt rubber 1

AR 101
Asphalt Rubber Binder 1

AR 101
COMPONENTS

 Crumb Rubber
 Asphalt Cement
 Blended to meet specific specs
 ASPHALT CEMENTE SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Requirements for Asphalt-Rubber Binder
according to ASTM specification D 6114 - 97”
Crumb Rubber Modifier - CRM 2

AR 101
CRM Sources
 Grinding whole scrap tires

Crumb rubber comes in a variety of

grades and designations presented by
particular size and/or source.
Crumb Rubber 2
 Preparation Crumb Rubber
-Tire Selection consuming than the traditional type (linen) only
-Remove rings
-The movement of parts to cutting machine for cutting measuring 20 * 20 cm
-The movement of parts to machine hashing to get cut by measuring 5 x 10
cm
-Convey the product to the machine hashing Crumb Rubber the first to get
cut by measuring 1 * 2 cm and the second p get hashed scale x mm or
less
-Nylon fibers are separated from the product Crumb Rubber
-The screening product for hashed scale of 1.5 mm
-Samples are taken of the product for testing to ensure compliance with the
required specifications
 Rubber specification
content a moment
Specific gravity 1.1
Acetone extraction max 25%
Rubber hydrocarbon 40-55%
content
Ash content max 8%
Carbon black content 20-40%
Natural rubber 16-45%
Moisture content 0.75%
Metal content 0.01%
Practical size 20mesh
Production of asphalt rubber

ASPHALT
STORAGE
GROUND
TANK
RUBBER

HEAT
TANK BLENDER

Reaction Vessel
CRM Used For Wet Process 2

AR 101

CRM Product
 Preparation mix design
-Prepare the standard content of the asphalt
-Coarse and fine aggregate, cement heating degree
140
-Add minced rubber percentages by weight of the
amount of asphalt used to coincide with the
addition of asphalt at a temperature of 140
-Taking samples at the end of the mixing process
155 degree
-Using five ratios of rubber (0-10-15-20-25)% as a
percentage of asphalt
 aggregate gradation
Sieve No 10% 15% 20% 25% specific
size rubber rubber rubber rubber rubber ation
mm

25 100 100 100 100 100 100

19 98 100 98.5 100 100 100-90

12.5 90 98 93 95 84 90-70

9.5 86 95 88.5 88 81 80-56

4.75 70 73 67 69 66 65-35

2.36 56 56 56 52 52 49-23

0.3 24 20 20 17.5 20 19-5

0.075 11 16 13.5 10.2 11 9-3

 RESULTS
According to Marshall mix design and SORB-R9 specification

O.C 5.2 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.2 4-6

Rubber% 0 10 15 20 25 ---

Stability 8.5 9.7 10.5 11.7 -- 7min

Flow 3.82 3.82 3.8 3.75 -- 2-4

Density 2.333 2.4 2.398 2.45 -- --

Air voids 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 -- 3-5

 Stability
Iraq specification (min 7 )
 Flow
Iraq specification (2-4 mm )
Density
 Air voids
Iraq specification (3-5 )
AR APPLICATIONS Section 3

AR Applications

A 1. Chip Seals
S
P 2. AR Interlayer
H 3. RAC Overlay
A
L 4. Dense-Graded Hot Mixes (RAC-D)
T Do Not Use With High Viscosity

1. Gap-Graded Hot Mixes (RAC-G)

R
U 2. Open-Graded Hot Mixes (RAC-O)
B
B 3. Open-Graded High Binder Hot Mixes
E
RAC-O, HB
R
Finishing 3

AR Applications

Rubber-tired Rollers Sweeping

1. Compaction
2. Sweeping
3. Flush coat

Flush coat
AR Interlayers 3

AR Applications

1. Used to prevent
reflection cracking

2. Used in two or three

layer systems

3. Used by several
agencies
 3
AR Overlay with SAMI-R
AR Applications

RAC
RAC
Surface Asphalt -Rubber Membrane &
SurfaceCourse
Course Asphalt-
Asphalt-Rubber Membrane &
Aggregate
AggregateChips
Chips(SAMI -R)
(SAMI-
(SAMI-R)

Existing Leveling
LevelingCourse
ExistingPavement
Pavement Course
Hot Mix Asphalt HMA 3

AR Applications
USES
GAP GRADED MIXES RAC-G

OPEN GRADED MIXES RAC-O

DENSE GRADED MIXES RAC-D

Only with no agitation binders

Used primarily in
Arizona, California,
Florida and Texas
Reduced thickness is
allowed by some
agencies
AR Benefits 4

RAC USAGE GUIDELINES

 Improved durability as surface layer

 Resistance to fatigue cracking
 Resistance to reflection cracking
 Resistance to aging
 Can be used in reduced thickness
 Reduced noise
 Lower life cycle costs
 Environmental
 Improved Performance 4

RAC USAGE GUIDELINES

Cracking resistance

Durability-aging resistance
Increased Cracking Resistance 4
RAC USAGE GUIDELINES

8” of Conventional 5” of Asphalt
Overlay After Rubber Overlay
Twelve Years of After Twelve Years
Performance of Performance
Reduced Noise 4

RAC USAGE GUIDELINES

IMPORTANT IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

Methods of Measuring Noise

Wayside
Close proximity
Noise intensity
Environmental Benefits 4

RAC USAGE GUIDELINES

1. Reduces landfill problems

2. Tire stockpiles
3. Value added products
4. Recycling of wastes
5. Noise abatement

Linear tire fill

Climatic 4

RAC USAGE GUIDELINES

Conclusions 5

 AR has been used since the 1960’s

in chip seals and thin hot mix
overlays

 AR design and construction guides

are not available

 AR has proven to be a cost

effective treatment for pavement
maintenance and rehabilitation
 Conclusions 5

 Good standard practices and

understanding of the materials are
required for design, production, and
construction of AC and RAC pavements.

 AR is good for Noise Reduction

 20%of rubber is the best

 Frequently Asked Questions ?

1. Is the use of AR technically YES

cost effective?

2. AR be used in cold weather YES

climates?

3. Can AR be rehabilitated YES

and/or recycled?

4. Why isn’t AR more widely Education

used by other agencies?

“Make zero waste happen”