Perinium and the

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
kweri joseph.
 FEMALE INTERNAL GENITAL
ORGANS.
• Vagina
• Uterus
• Uterine tubes
• Ovaries.
 SEX DIFFERENCES
• Female;
– Thin and light-general structure.
– Shallow-false pelvis.
– Wide and shallow-lesser pelvis.
– Oval and rounded-pelvic inlet.
– Wide subpubic angle.
– Small acetabulum.
– Blunted and short ischial spines.
 VAGINA
• Musculomembranes tube.
• Extends from the cervix of uterus to the
vestibule of vagina( cleft between 2 labia
minora).
• Superior end sorrounds cervix (forming
fornices)
• Vagina passes through the pelvic floor.
 Functions.
• Excretory pathway for menstrual fluid.
• Forms inferior part of pelvic canal.
• Receives penis and ejaculate during
intercourse.
 Relations.
• Anterior- base of bladder and urethra.
• Laterally- levator ani, visceral pelvic fascia
ureters.
• Posteriorly- anal canal, rectum recto-
uterine pouch.
 Blood supply.
• Uterine arteries a
• Vaginal arteries a
• Internal pudental a
 Veins
• Form Vaginal Venous plexus
• Communicates with the vesical, uterine
and rectal venous plexuses and drain into
internal iliac veins.
 Lymphatics
• Internal iliac L.N.
• External iliac L.N.
• Sacral L.N.
• Superficial inguinal Lymphnodes.
 UTERUS.
• Thick walled, pear-shaped, hollow,
muscular.
• Non gravid- in the true pelvis lying on the
superior surface of bladder.
• Gravid- Rises into false pelvis and
abdomen.
 Anatomical Position.
• Anteverted (900 between uterus and
vagina).
• Anteflexed(1200 between body and
cervix).
 Parts:
• Body – Fundus- above tubal openings.
– Isthmus – between openings and cervix.

• Cervix – supravaginal
» Vaginal
• Internal OS Vs External OS
• Region where the tubes attach – Cornua (horns)
• ligament of Ovary - Posterior inferior at Corn
• Round ligament – Antero inferior.
 Walls.
• Perimetrium – Serous coat ( Peritoneum)
supported by thin layer of connective
tissue.
• Myometrium- smooth muscle layer.
• Endometrium – inner mucous coat shed
off during menses.
 Uterine Support.
• Viceral
• Ligaments
» Cardinal (Transverse Cervical).
» Uterosacral.
» Pubo Uterine
• Others – broad ligament
--Round ligament.
Contents of the broad Ligament.
• Fallopian tubes
• Ovarian Vessels
• Ovary
• Para and Epioophoron
• Round ligament
• Ligament of the Ovary
• Fat (Extra Peritoneal)
• Lymphatics
• Autonomic nerves.
 Relations.
• Anterior – bladder, coils of intestines.
• Posterior – sigmoid colon.
• NB/ Laterally the uterine artery crosses the
ureter superiorly near the cervix at the root
of the broad ligament.
 Blood supply.
• Ovarian Vessels
• Uterine Vessels – Toruous
• Veins:uterine Veins –Uterine
Venousplexus – internal iliac.
 Lymphatics.
• External iliac
• Lumbar
• Superficial inguinal lymphnodes
• Internal iliac L.N.
• Sacral L.N.
 Uterine tubes.
• Extends from uterine horns and open into
the peritoneal cavity near ovaries.
• Lies in mesosalphine.
 Parts (4).
• Infundibulum- opens into peritoneal cavity.
- Bears fimbriae

• Ampulla – widest, longest

• Isthmus – thick walled, narrowest.
• Uterine – Intramural segment.
 Blood supply.
• Uterine a
• Ovarian a.
 Ovaries.
• Almond shaped
• Located on the pelvic walls, suspended by
the meso ovarium.
• Also attached to uterus by suspensory
ligament of ovary.
 Blood supply.
• Ovarian artery – from abd. Aorta.
• Veins – ovarian veins – I.V.C. L. Renal
Veins.
 Lymphatics.
• Aortic Lymph nodes.