Systems Analysis & Design 1

10th Edition

CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Systems Analysis
& Design
 Content
2

 Information System
 Understanding Business
 Categories of Information Systems
 Information System Users & Needs
 System Development Tools & Technique
 System Development Methods
 Planning & Modeling a Systems
Development project
 System Development Guidelines
 Information Technology Department
 Systems Analysis & Design
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Step-by-step process for developing

high-quality
information systems
 Information Systems
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 What is information system?

 A set of related components that

produces specific results

 IT + people + data  support business

requirements
 E.g. daily business transaction, improve

company productivity, decision support

 System analyst – plan, develop and

maintain IS
 Information System
Components
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 Understanding The Business
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 Business Process
Modeling
 Business Profile
 Business Models
 Business model
 Business process
 Business process
reengineering (BPR)
 Categories of Information
Systems
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 Enterprise computing systems

 Transaction processing systems

 Business support systems

 Knowledge management systems

 User productivity systems

 Enterprise Computing System
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 Supports company-wide operations and

data management requirements

 Example:
 Giant Hypermarket inventory control
system
 Malaysian Airline reservation system
 Proton production control system
 Transaction Processing
System
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 Process data generated by day-to-day

business operations

 Examples:
 customer order processing system
 accounts receivable
 warranty claim processing
 Business Support System
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 Provide job-related information support to

users at all levels of a company

 Analyze transactional data information

 manage and control business processes
 decision making

 Examples:
 Highlight slow or fast moving items
 Customers with past due balances
 Knowledge Management
Systems
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 Expert systems
 Simulate human reasoning by combining a
knowledge base and inference rules

User Productivity Systems

 E-mail, voice mail, fax, video

conferencing, word processing, automated
calendars, etc.
 Information System Users and
Their Needs
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 Systems Development Tools and
Techniques
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 Modeling
 Business model – information
 Requirements model – information
 Data model – data structures & design
 Object model – objects
 Network model – telecommunication
design and protocols
 Process model – logic
 Systems Development Tools and
Techniques
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 Prototyping
 Early working version of IS
 Speeds up the development process
significantly
 Important decisions might be made too
early, before business or IT issues are
thoroughly understood
 Can be an extremely valuable tool
 Systems Development Tools and
Techniques
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 Computer-Aided Systems Engineering

(CASE) Tools
 Also called computer-aided software
engineering
 Systems Development
Methods
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 Structured Analysis
 Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
 Predictive approach
 Uses a set of process models to describe a
system graphically
 Process-centered technique
 Systems Development
Methods
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 Object-oriented Analysis
 O-O analysis combines data & processes into
objects
 Object is a member of a class
 Objects possess properties
 Methods change an object’s properties
 A message requests specific behavior or
information from another object
 Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
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 Comparison of Predictive and

Adaptive Models
 The SDLC usually is referred to as the waterfall
model
 Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
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 The SDLC Waterfall Model

 Disadvantage in the built-in structure of the
SDLC, because the waterfall model does not
emphasize interactivity among the phases
 This criticism can be valid if the SDLC phases
are followed too rigidly
 However, adjacent phases usually interact
 Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
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 The SDLC Waterfall Model

 Usually includes five steps
 Systems planning
 Systems analysis
 Systems design
 Systems implementation
 Systems operation, support, and security
 Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
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 Systems planning
 Systems request
 Purpose of this phase is to perform a
preliminary investigation whose key part is a
feasibility study
 Systems Analysis
 First step is requirements modeling
 End product is the System requirements
document
 Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
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 Systems Design
 Identify all outputs, inputs, and processes
 End product is system design specification
 Systems Implementation
 New system is constructed
 Users, managers, IT staff trained to operate
and support the system
 System evaluation performed
 Planning and Modeling a Systems
Development Project
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 Systems Operation, Support, and

Security
 A well-designed system must be secure,
reliable, maintainable, and scalable
 After several years of operation, systems need
extensive changes
 SDLC ends with system replacement
 Planning and Modeling a
Systems Development Project
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 Adaptive Methods and Models

 Attempt to develop a system incrementally, by
building a series of prototypes and constantly
adjusting them to user requirements
 Extreme Programming (XP)
 Analysts should recognize that these
approaches have advantages and
disadvantages
 Planning and Modeling a
Systems Development Project
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 The Importance of Project

Management
 Regardless of the development strategy,
people, tasks, timetables, and expenses must
be managed effectively
 Complex projects can involve dozens of people,
hundreds of tasks, and many thousands of
dollars
 Systems Development
Guidelines
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 Stick to a plan
 Involve the users throughout the
development process
 Listening is very important
 Use project management tools to
identify tasks and milestones
 Remain flexible
 Develop accurate cost and benefit
information
 Information Technology
Department
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 The information technology (IT)

department develops and maintains a
company’s information systems
 The IT group provides technical
support
 The Systems Analyst Position
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 A systems analyst investigates, analyzes,

designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and
maintains a company’s information
systems
 On large projects, the analyst works as a
member of an IT department team
 Smaller companies often use consultants
to perform the work
 The Systems Analyst Position
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 Responsibilities
 Translate business requirements into practical
IT projects to meet needs
 Required Skills and Background
 Solid communication skills and analytic ability
Chapter Summary
 IT is a combination of hardware and
software that support business
 The essential components of an
information system are hardware,
software, data, processes, and people
 Companies are product-oriented,
service-oriented, or a combination of the
two

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Chapter Summary
 Organization structure usually includes
levels. Each level has different
responsibilities and information needs
 Systems analysts use modeling,
prototyping, and CASE tools. Modeling
produces a graphical representation of
the process, prototyping involves creation
of an early working model, and CASE tools
assist in various systems development
tasks 31
Chapter Summary
 The Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) consists of five phases: systems
planning, systems analysis, systems
design, systems implementation, and
systems operation, support, and security
 Systems analysts need a combination of
technical and business knowledge,
analytical ability, and communication skills

 Chapter 1 Complete
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