Lecture 03

Design Fundamentals
IS ENERGY EFFICIECY SUCH
AS DESIGN FOR TROPIC?

Nur Mohammad Khan

Lecturer, ArchKU
 What
Is the very first consideration to start energy efficient
design?

CLIMA + social phenomena

CONTE
predominant weather conditions of a place as
averaged over a long period of time. It is a major

TE
input to the process of defining the qualities and
characteristics of place beyond the weather, in
The circumstances that form the setting for an event
terms of the natural and human responses to a net zero energy project must be climate-responsive

XT
climate, as evident in the prevailing architecture
(at least, the vernacular architecture), city
planning, and the ecosystem of the place

1. understanding of the project’s climate; site resources and constraints; building typology, massing,
and orientation; and building program and building occupancy to get the clear picture of ‘external
energy loads',' internal energy loads’ & ‘access to energy’
What
We Face

Tropical climates are characterized by year-

long hot and moist weather with significant
rainfall and humidity. Tropical climates are
located along the equator and experience
limited to no seasonal variation

HOT
HUMIDITY
SUMMER
MONSOON
RAIN
So What is the Solution?
Vernacular Architecture
Is the Solution?
 • The need for sustainable and energy
efficient built environment keeps
increasing day by day

• The various principles of vernacular

design and technologies that lead to
sustainable performance and energy
efficiency, both at settlement and
dwelling levels are analyzed.

• Vernacular architecture has proven

to be the best example for a
sustainable environment.

• Energy Efficiency and Climate

responsive are similar term

01
Vernacular Architecture
Full marks 8+7=15

Is the Solution?
Class Test 01

Yes or No
02

What you want to take from

the learning in designing “long
span/ tall building” -illustrate
Towards
Design Responses
 1. Form & Planning Towards
•
Compact internal planning Design Responses
• Courtyard type
• Building should be grouped to get enough breeze with low rise
and moderate dense development ■  The primary concern is to reduce cooling load with passive
• Separate day-night area strategies, such as
minimizing solar radiation through 100 percent solar shading,
2. External spaces reducing thermal conduction through the envelope, and lowering
• internal heat gain through lighting and equipment load reductions.
Large projecting eaves and wide verandas
• Brise-soleils, louvres & other sun brakes
• ■ Locations are near the equator, so the high solar altitude makes
Maintain vegetation around building
shading the roof a potentially good strategy.
3. Roofs and Walls ■  Due to the abundance of water and year-long growing season,
• Solid masonry or concrete wall with 9-12 hours time lag in heat vegetated shading elements outside of or integrated within the
transmission building envelope can be an effective means of providing shading.
• Insulating wall and roof for example cavity wall
• Large opening ■  Light colors for exterior surfaces reflect rather than absorb solar
radiation. This can be very beneficial for roofs, due to the high solar altitude
4. Surface treatment all year long.
• Light colored and shiny polished
• Absorptive surface ■  Natural ventilation can be useful in some tropical climates and at
certain periods of the day or year, depending on the mechanical system
selection.
5. Opening
• Large opening in opposite walls with operable shutters ■  Day lighting lowers lighting energy use and internal heat gain.
Day lighting should be carefully coordinated with shading strategies.
6. Ventilation and condensation
• Ventilating stack ■  Passive desiccant dehumidification can be used to control interior
humidity levels and allow air to be cooled with nonconventional and
refrigerant-free cooling, such as evaporative cooling. Passive solar or
 So, How could we
? To be continued…..

challenge long span

or tall building….

The
END