Plumbing Systems

HAS Vannthina
M&E ENGINEER
2EE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANT
Tel: 016 309 919/ 077 879791
has.vannthina@gmail.com
Building Plumbing Functions

 (1) providing drainage and water for

sanitation and potable water needs,
 (2) disposal of precipitation falling on the
building (stormwater system).
 Old disposal systems
•Urban dwellers
•gutters.

•In rural areas

•Lakes

•Rivers

•cesspool

Disadvantage of these old system

1- health hazard
2- illegal in the present time
Components of Modern Sanitation
Systems

 1. A distribution system of piping that supplies

water to the fixtures
 2. The fixtures at which the water is consumed
or used
 3. Another piping system that drains the used
water away
 4. Natural gas piping
Utility Connections at The Building
Boundary

 Potable water supply (and meter)

 Sanitary drain
 Storm drain
 Natural gas supply
Plumbing codes
 L’installatiion de Sanitaire Tome I-II-III ( France )
 International Plumbing Code. International Code
Council.
 National Standard Plumbing Code. National Association
of Plumbing, Heating, and Cooling Contractors.
 Southern Standard Plumbing Code. Southern Building
Code Congress.
 Practical Plumbing Design Guide James C. Church,
·P.E.
 Uniform Plumbing Code. International Association of
Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO).
Objectives of Plumbing Codes

 protect the health and safety of building

occupants against the followings:
– inadvertent contamination of the water supply,
– contamination of the air due to the escape of
sewage gas, and
– chronically blocked drains due to improper size
or pitch.
 Water Supply Sources

 Lake (after treatment)

 River (after treatment)
 Groundwater
 Spring
 Pond (after treatment)
 Quality of Supply Water

 Mineral contents  Turbidity

 PH level  Bacteria
 Organics
 contamination
Supply Water Distribution Systems
(Up-feed)

to 3 bar 2
Supply Water
Distribution Systems
(Down-feed)

P=9810*H/100000
P: Pressure [bar]
H: Height [m]
Rooftop Tank

 Advantage  Disadvantage
– Provide reserve storage – Greater structure
in case of an electrical support is required.
power shortage. – Periodic cleaning is
– An upfeed distribution required.
system requires a
standby power source.
Building Service Hot Water (BSHW)

Types

Storage-Type Tankless-Type
Water Heater Capacity Rating
 Comparison

 Storage Type  Tankless Type

– Suitable for large – Eliminate standby losses
capacity demands. from hot water tanks:
 Tank losses.
 Supply pipe losses.
– Limited for small
capacity demands.
Water Heater Temperature
Classification

 180 oF (82 oC):

– Minimum temperature needed for sanitizing rinse.
 140 oF (60 oC):
– For General-purpose cleaning and food
preparation.
 105 oF to 120 oF (41 oC to 49 oC):
– For showers.
Distribution Systems

 Without recirculation
pump.
 With Recirculation
pump.
Piping Materials

 Copper Piping:
– Types: (K, L and M)
– Characterized by high resistance to Corrosion.
– Soft temper tube permits changes in direction
without the use of fittings.
 Plastic Piping:
– Types: (PE, ABS, PVC, AND PVDC)
– Characterized by high resistance to Corrosion.
– PVDC is suitable for hot water supply up to 82oC.
 Plumbing Fixtures

•Water Closet
 Plumbing Fixtures

•Water Closet
•Bidet

•Urinal
 Plumbing Fixtures

•Water Closet
•Bidet

•Urinal

•Lavatory
 Plumbing Fixtures

•Water Closet
•Bidet

•Urinal

•Lavatory
 Plumbing Fixtures

•Water Closet
•Bidet

•Urinal

•Lavatory

•Sink

•Wash fountains
 Plumbing Fixtures

•Water Closet
•Bidet

•Urinal

•Lavatory

•Sink

•Wash fountains
•Drinking fountains
 Plumbing Fixtures

•Water Closet
•Bidet

•Urinal

•Lavatory

•Sink

•Wash fountains
•Drinking fountains
•Showers

•Bath tube
 Traps

Traps are required in order to isolate the sewer

purification gases from the interior rooms
SANITARY PIPING

 Waste stacks
 Soil stacks
 Vent stacks
 Branch waste lines
 Branch soil lines
 Branch vents
 Floor drains
 Clean-outs
 Fresh-air inlet
Sanitary Piping
Piping
 Material
– Cast Iron
– DWV Copper
– Plastic
 Travels under Gravity
 Downward 45o Elbow
 Pitched Towards Stack
– 1/8 in/ft
– ¼ in/ft
– ½ in/ft
– 45o
Vent

 They relieve any potential vacuum that might

suck all the water out of a trap.
 They lead sewer gas pressure safely out of
the building.
 The presence of fresh air circulating through
the drain and sewer lines reduces corrosion
and the growth of slime.
 Venting aids the flow of large volumes of
liquid through the drainpipes by relieving air
pressure that could build up ahead of the
water as it moves.
Vent

 maximum length of drain pipe

between the trap and an air vent is
limited to 48 times the pipe diameter.
 the end of a vent stack must extend at
least 1 foot (30 cm) above the roof
surface, as well as 3 feet (90 cm) or
more above any nearby window
 It should be at least 10 feet (3 m) from
any windows and S feel (I.S m) above
any occupied roof deck.
Interior Space Planning

 In subfreezing weather, Plumbing

pipes should never be installed in
exterior walls.
 Locating plumbing fixtures back to
back or one above the other where
possible.
 All fixtures in a given room should
be placed along the same wall.
 Drain stacks are grouped in
plumbing chase.
 Interior Space Planning

 The pipe risers for smaller

groupings or isolated fixtures
can be integrated with
structural columns as wet
column.
 Entrances and/or partitions
need to be arranged so that
the view from the corridor to
the soil fixtures is blocked.
accommodations for handicapped
.persons

 the provision of at least one handicapped-type water

closet and lavatory in each public toilet room,
 wider water closet stalls for easier maneuvering,
 grab bars at water closets and bathing facilities,
 extra-wide entrance and stall doors for wheelchair
passage, and
 a minimum 5-foot-(l.5-m-) diameter clear space
within the room for wheelchair turning.
Floor Drains

 Floor drains are employed to carry

away water used in washing floors.
 They are necessary in areas like:
– of food preparation and cooking,
– mechanical rooms, and
– toilet rooms.
 They are also needed in storage
closets and any other spaces that
are sprinklered for fire protection.
Clean-Outs

 Clean-outs must be placed no

more than 50 feet (15 m) apart in
branch lines and building drains
up to 4 inches (10 cm) in
diameter
 Lines larger than 4 inches (10
cm) in diameter must have
cleanouts not more than 100 feet
(30 m) apart.
 at every change in direction
greater than 45°, and at the point
where the building drain leaves
the building.
 Interceptors

 catch hair, grease, or a variety of

other troublesome waste
materials from industrial
processes.
 the grease floats to the top and
is trapped between baffles as the
remaining fluid waste continues
on through.
Backwater Valves

 The device prevents the

backflow of sewage from the
upper stories into the lower
sanitary branch
Private Sewage Disposal
Septic Tank

 The tank capacity is sized so as to allow the

waste to remain in the tank for at least 16
hours before being displaced by incoming
sewage.