AIRLINES

Presented by:
G.Kushal Sai
2211016105
Aerospace Department
Airlines:
• Airline is an organization providing regular public service of air
transportation in one or more routes.
• Airline utilizes aircraft to supply these services.
• Few airline organizations:
• There are over 5000 airlines around the world currently operating with ICAO
Codes.
• The world’s largest airline by fleet size and passengers is American Airlines,
operating from united States
Modern Airline Objectives:
• Aircraft have always won over other modes of transport by offering a ‘faster’
(and more convenient) way to travel to/from destinations.
• The price of the air tickets have been reduced over the time
• Some of the physical constraints on operations can be viewed and
expressed through equivalent windows, a prime example being aircraft
utilisation.
• Flying an aircraft only 8 hours per day (about 2500 h/year) has been shown
to increase operating costs considerably over flying an aircraft at double this
rate
• The way that service support is organised and costs are distributed can have
a bearing that will affect operating cost, no matter what the annual
utilisation
• A nominal $54 000 operating cost
figure for a 12-hour operation is
assumed
• If 100% seats are filled, the total
passenger load to contribute $142
per seat.
• If 90% seats filled, $158 would be
a nominal ticket price for low-cost
operation.
• The size of seats and the relative level of fares, but often viewed internally
and rarely discussed in the open is the frequency with which people are
refused a seat or are told that a flight is ‘overbooked’.
• Over a number of decades the changes that have affected strategy have
emerged from technology.
• These developments, determine managers set out plans for meeting
mission objectives.
• They will look at route selection and development, at aircraft selection (fleet
planning) and fares policies alongside scheduling and other operational
issues
Route Selection & Development
• The right to fly a route is entirely at the airline’s choice in deregulated
countries.
• Operations b/w nations are constrained by bilateral agreements.
• Airline service parameters such as destinations, frequency of service,
capacity, facilities offered, price can be considered
• Airline Traffic forecasters take such issues into account and devise route
structure that they will provide.
• The hub & spoke route structures are the most common route structures in
use today

•.
• Variations on hub & spoke that are commonly encountered include the
‘round robin’
• Round robin – A to C via B. If B & C are not close the return trip might not be
at B. B is an intermediate stop
• One more type – when new hub is established in the route, in this case the
aircraft will fly from A to B, B to new hub, New hub to A. A will have all
maintenance & crewing resources. Thus new hub is with minimal additional
capital – W schedule
• The most significant way that airlines have stimulated demand is by
stimulating the use of its main base as a transfer hub.
• Route planning requires that suitable routes are selected, that the right
aircraft type is selected and that a schedule is constructed that will provide
the transfer passenger with convenient connections.
References:

• Mike Hirst - The Air Transport System -Woodhead Publishing Ltd (2008)
• Wikepedia
THANK YOU