SURVEYING

CHARACTER OF WORK ,MAPS

AND SCALES SHRUNK SCALE

Er.Ashwini Patil __AAAD

 CHARACTER OF WORK
• FEILD WORK
• OFFICE WORK
• CARE AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE
INSTRUMENTS

Er.Ashwini Patil __AAAD

 SCALES
Since the surveyed area is very large, it is
never possible to make full size drawing. For
convenience it is generally necessary to draw
them to a reduced size, this operation is called
“drawing to scale”

There are two types of scales used in

surveying.
A. Numerical scale.
B. Graphical scale.Er.Ashwini Patil __AAAD
 A.Numerical Scale

Numerical scale is also further classified into two

general types.
1. Engineer’s Scale
2. Representative Fraction Scale

Er.Ashwini Patil __AAAD

 1. Engineer’s Scale
In engineer’s scale, the scale of a map or
drawing is the proportion which every
distance on the map or drawing bears to the
corresponding distance on the ground.
Example: 1 cm = 10 m
This means, 1 cm on the drawing represents
10 m on the ground, the scale of the map is
10 m to 1 cm.

Er.Ashwini Patil __AAAD

 2. Representative Fraction Scale:

• The scale is also expressed by means of a

fraction whose numerator is invariable unity.
The fraction is called “Representative Fraction”
or RF. It is, therefore, the ratio of map distance
to the corresponding ground distance.
• In forming the representative fraction both
numerator and denominator must be reduced
to the same denomination.
• For example, if the scale is 10 m to 1 cm, the RF
of the scale is 1cm/10x100cm = 1/1000
Er.Ashwini Patil __AAAD
 B. Graphical Scale:

On a graphical scale, the units of measurement

should always be stated.

Er.Ashwini Patil __AAAD

Er.Ashwini Patil __AAAD
Er.Ashwini Patil __AAAD