UNDERSTANDING

DATA AND WAYS TO

SYSTEMATICALLY
COLLECT DATA
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
RESEARCH DESIGN
◦The overall plan and
scheme for conducting the
study.
HISTORICAL DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGN DESIGN

EXPERIMENTA
L DESIGN
SAMPLING
◦It is a process of selecting and getting
the respondents of the study with the
minimum cost such that resulting
observations will be representative of
entire population.

◦The purpose of all sampling designs is to

imitate the behavior of the entire
population based on few observation.
INSTRUMENTS
◦It is a data gathering devices that will be
used in the study.
◦It is a testing device for measuring a
given phenomenon.
Examples of Instruments

Paper and Questionnair

Interview
Pencil Test e

Set of
Research
guidelines of
tools
observations
3 Characteristics of Instrument

• USABILIT • VALIDITY • REABILITY

Y
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
◦IT IS THE TECHNIQUE UTILIZED FOR ANALIZING
THE DATA GATHERED.
◦IT IS FOCUSED ON STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
ALTHOUGH THERE ARE OTHER METHODS FOR
ANALIZING THE DATA.
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
PURPOSE: It is to describe the status of an identified variables such as
events, people or subject as they exist.

 It usually makes some type of comparison contrast and correlation,

planned and orchestrated descriptive researches, cause and effect
relationship.
 Research designs are the specific procedures involved in the
research process: sampling, data collection, and data analysis.

Research
Design
IT IS A QUANTITATIVE DESIGN IN WHICH YOU ADMINISTER A
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE TO A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE
Descripti
( SAMPLE) TO IDENTIFY TRENDS IN ATTITUDES, OPINIONS, ve
BEHAVIOR OR CHARACTERISTICS OF A LARGE GROUP OF
PEOPLE( POPULATION) Normativ
IT ATTEMPTS TO ESTABLISH NORMS/ STANDARDS BASED ON e
WIDE CLASS OF SURVEY DATA.
It is may be demographic data or may include also data on
Surveys
“average perception of a set of respondents