PowerPoint to accompany

Technology of Machine Tools

6th Edition

Krar • Gill • Smid

Gages
Unit 14

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 14-2

Objectives
• Recognize and describe the uses of three
types of plug and ring gages
• Check the accuracy of a part with a plug or
ring gage
• Check the accuracy of a part using a snap
gage
 14-3

Gages: Basic Terms

• Basic dimension: exact size of part from
which all limiting variations made
• Limits: maximum and minimum dimensions
• Tolerance: permissible variation of part
– unilateral: one direction only
– Bilateral: both plus and minus (two directions)
• Allowance: intentional difference in
dimensions of mating parts
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Fixed Gages
• Used for inspection purposes
– Provide quick means of checking specific
dimension
• Easy to use and accurately finished to
required tolerance
– Generally finished to 1/10 the tolerance
designed to control
 14-5

Cylindrical Plug Gages

• Used for checking inside diameter of straight
hole (generally "go" and "no-go" variety)
– Consists of handle and plug on each end ground
and/or lapped to specific size
• Small-diameter plug ("go" gage) checks
lower limit of hole
• Larger-diameter plug
checks upper limit
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 14-6

Cylindrical
Plug Gages Go

Dimensions usually
stamped on handle
at each end.

"go" end longer than

"no-go" for easy
identification

Many made with carbide

tips to increase gage life

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 14-7

To Use a Cylindrical Plug Gage

1. Select plug gage of correct size and tolerance
2. Clean both ends of gage and hole (dry cloth)
3. Check gage and workpiece for nicks and
burrs
4. Wipe both gage ends with oily cloth to
distribute thin layer of oil
 14-8

To Use a Cylindrical Plug Gage

5. Start the "go" end squarely into hole
– If hole within limits, gage will enter easily
– Plug should enter hole for full length with no
excessive play between plug and part
• Hole tapered if gage enters only part way and
excessive play indicates hole is elliptical
6. After checking with "go" end, check with
"no-go" end
– End should not begin to enter hole, if does then
indicates oversize, bell-mouth, or tapered hole
 14-9

Cylindrical Plug Gage

• SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 
– Do not force or turn it.

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 14-10

Plain Ring Gages

• Used to check outside diameter of pieces
• Ground and lapped internally to desired size
– Size stamped on side of gage
• Outside diameter knurled and "no-go" end
identified by annular groove on knurled
surface
• Precautions and procedures similar to those
outlined for a plug gage
 14-11

Taper Plug Gages

• Used to check size of hole and taper accuracy
• Made with standard or special tapers
• Some have "go" and "no-go" rings scribed
– Gage fits into hole between two rings means
within required tolerance
• Some have steps ground on large end to
indicate hole-size limits
– Wobble between plug gage and hole evidence
of incorrect taper
 14-12

To Check Internal Taper Using

a Taper Plug Gage
1. Select proper taper gage for hole checked
2. Wipe gage and hole with clean dry cloth
3. Check both gage and hole for nicks and burrs
4. Apply thin coating Prussian blue to surface of
plug gage
5. Insert plug gage into hole as far as it will go
6. Maintain light end pressure on plug gage, rotate
it counterclockwise for ¼ turn
 14-13

To Check Internal Taper Using

a Taper Plug Gage
7. Check diameter of hole
• Proper size indicated when edge of workpiece lies
between limit steps or lines on gage
8. Check taper of hole by attempting to move gage
radially in hole
• Movement or play at large end indicates excessive
taper; movement at small end indicates insufficient
taper
9. Remove gage to see if bluing has rubbed off
evenly along length of gage (proper fit)
 14-14

Taper Ring Gages

• Used to check both accuracy and outside diameter
of taper
• Often have scribed lines or step ground on small
end to indicate "go" or "no-go"
• Procedures like taper plug gage
• When checking work not ground, three equally
spaced chalk lines around circumference and
extending for full length of taper used to indicate
accuracy of taper
• Work ground, use three thin lines of Prussian Blue
 14-15

Care of Plug and Ring Gages

• Gage life dependent on following factors
– Materials from which gage is made
– Material of part being checked
– Class of fit required
– Proper care of the gage
 14-16

To Preserve Accuracy
and Life of Gages
1. Store gages in divided wooden trays
2. Check them frequently for size and accuracy
3. Correctly align gages with workpiece to
prevent binding
4. Do not force or twist plain plug or ring gage
5. Clean gage and workpiece thoroughly
 14-17

To Preserve Accuracy
and Life of Gages
6. Use light film of oil on gage to help
prevent binding
7. Make provision for air to escape when
gaging blind holes with plug gage
8. Have gages and work at room temperature
9. Never use inspection gage as working
gage
 14-18

Thread Plug Gages

• Used for checking internal threads of the
"go" and "no-go" variety
• Based on same principle as cylindrical plug
gages
• "go" end (longer end)
– Should be turned in flush to bottom of hole
• "no-go" end
– Should just start into hole and become snug
before third thread enters
 14-19

Precautions When Working with

Thread Plug Gages
• Have chip groove cut along thread to clear
loose chips
– Prolong life of gage, remove burrs and loose
chips by means of old tap
• Before using, apply a little oil to surface
• Never force the gage

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 14-20

Thread Ring Gages

• Adjustable thread ring gage (most popular)
– Used to check accuracy of external thread
– Has threaded hole in center, with three radial
slots and a setscrew to permit small adjustments
• Outside diameter knurled
• "no-go" gage identified by annular groove
cut into knurled surface
• Thread being checked should fully enter
"go" gage but not enter "no-go" by more
than 1 ½ turns
 14-21

Snap Gages
• One of most common types of comparative
measuring instruments
• Faster to use than micrometers
• Limited in their application
• Used to check diameters within certain
limits by comparing part size to preset
dimension of snap gage
 14-22

Snap Gages
• Have C-shaped frame with adjustable
gaging anvils or rolls set to"go" and
"no-go" limits
of the part
• Several styles

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 14-23

Using Snap Gage to Check a

Dimension
1. Thoroughly clean anvils of gage
2. Set "go" and "no-go" anvils to required
limits using a standard
3. Lock anvils in position and recheck
accuracy
4. Clean surface of work
5. Hold gage in right hand, keeping square
with work
 14-24

Using Snap Gage to Check a

Dimension
6. Lower anvil in position on the workpiece
with left hand
7. Push gage over work surface with rolling
motion
– Do NOT force gage
8. Advance gage until "no-go" anvils or rolls
contact work
– if gage stops at this point, work within limits