REVIEW OF THE

RELATED
LITERATURE(RRL)
Lesson 6

EMJHAY MARCOS TAMANU, Ph.D.

It is a process of compiling, classifying and
evaluating what other researchers have written on a
topic.
It is an important component of research regardless
of the type of research.
It makes you examine and study again concepts or
ideas related to your research that people managed
to publish.

DEFINITION OF RRL
 1. to find out the connection of your research to the
current conditions or situations of the world.
 2. to know more about theories or concepts underlying
your research.
 3. to discover the relation of your research with previous
research studies.
 4. to obtain information on the accuracy or relevance of
your research questions.
 5. to familiarize yourself with technical terms related to
your research.
PURPOSES OF RRL
 1. TRADITIONAL REVIEW- FOR QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
 2. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW- FOR QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

2 BASIC METHODS OF RRL

 A question driven methodology
 It is used by researchers who begin their research work
by asking questions.
 One big question that states the main problem of the
research and a set of sub questions that deal with
specific aspects of the research.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW-
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 1. clarifying the research questions
 2. planning the research based on your understanding of
the research questions
 3. searching for literature
 4. listing criteria for considering the values of written
works
 5. evaluating the quality of previous research studies
 6. summarizing the various forms of knowledge collected.
STEPS IN CONDUCTING A
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
 A kind of RRL in which you examine and combine
the results of 2 or more statistical studies for
coming out with a grand total to indicate stronger
effects of the research outcome.
 Putting the result together and making them
appear as one research work to strengthen the
variables.

META ANALYSIS IN QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH
 Pick a Topic
 Selecting the literature
 Structure of a literature review
 Characteristics of a good literature
review

SELECTING THE TOPIC AND THE

LITERATURE
 Delimits the subject matter to be reviewed.
 Covers all important relevant literature.
 Is up to date.
 Provides an insightful analysis of the ideas and conclusions.
 Points out similarities and differences, and strengths and
weaknesses in the literature.
 Identifies gaps in the literature for future research.
 Clarifies the context for which the literature is important.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD LITERATURE

REVIEW
 Elementary reading
 Systematic skimming
 Analytic reading
 Comparative reading

4 TYPES OF READING
 Basic type of reading
 It is by merely recognizing the words
and the literal comprehension of the
sentence.

ELEMENTARY READING
 This requires time.
 Wherein articles or materials are discerned if
they can be included for analysis.
 This can be done by looking in the title, table
of contents, index and bibliography.

SYSTEMATIC SKIMMING
 Ample time is required for this.
 The process of breaking down the whole into
parts for better understanding.
 An article is examined paragraph by paragraph, a
paragraph is dissected sentence by sentence and
a sentence is read word by word.

ANALYTIC READING
 The highest level of reading.
 The researcher analyzes several books and
articles.
 The various points of view of authors are
compared and contrasted.
 Generalized summary or the meta analysis of
various written works is the output of this reading.

COMPARATIVE READING
 To provide justification of the study.
 To identify gaps, problems, and needs of the related
studies.
 To provide rationale of the study as well as the reasons
of conducting the study
 To have basis that will be used to support findings of the
study.

FUNCTIONS OF RRL AND STUDIES

 The materials must be as recent as possible, 10
years back.
 Materials must be as objective and unbiased as
possible.
 Materials must be relevant to the study.
 Coherence principle must be observed in writing
the literature review.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
MATERIALS CITED
 Looking for relevant materials
 Actual Reading
 Note taking

CONDUCTING A REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
 Highlighting
 Annotations

TOOLS FOR READING AND REVIEW

 In text citation
 Direct quotation
 Indirect quotation/paraphrasing
 Citations from a secondary source

WAYS OF WRITING RRL

 Referring
to the authors within the
main body of the of the paper.

IN TEXT CITATION
 Use quotation marks around the quote and
include page numbers.
Ex. Samovar and Porter point out that “ language
involves attaching meaning to symbls” (p.188).
Alternatively, “ Language involves attaching
meaning to symbols” (Samovar & Porter, 1997,
p.188)

DIRECT QUOTATION
 No quotation marks.
Ex. Attaching meaning to symbols is
considered to be the origin of written language
(Samovar&Porter, 1997)

INDIRECT
QUOTATION/PARAPHRASING
 Ex. As Hall (199) asserts” culture also defines
boundaries of different groups” (as cited in
Samovar&Porter, 1997,p.14)

CITATIONS FROM A SECONDARY

SOURCE
Aspect APA SYSTEM MLA SYSTEM

Writing the author’s name Full surname first, initials of Full surname first, full first
first and middle name name, optional initial and
Ex. middle name
Floro, J.A. EX: Floro, Joshua, Adarna

Writing the title of the Italicized with only the Underlined or italicized title
reading material beginning word capitalized with all content words
Capital for every proper noun capitalized.
Ex: The Colds Virus Ex: The Colds Virus

Writing the copyright date Written after the author’s Written after the publisher’s
name name
EX: Zobel 2015 Ex: Vibal Publishing House,
2016

REFERENCING STYLES

1. define the topic
 2. search and re-search the literature.
 3. take notes while reading.
 4. choose the type of review you wish to write.
 5. keep the review focused, but make it of
broad interest.

SIMPLE RULES IN WRITING RRL


6. be critical and consistent.
 7. find a logical structure.
 8. make use of feedback.
 9. include your own relevant research.
 10. be up to date in your RRL.

SIMPLE RULES IN WRITING RRL