PASSIVE FIRE  PREVENTION MEASURES

(highlighting Building/Zoning/Construction classification) (NBC,NFPA etc )

Presented By –

AREEB KHAN
SANIYA AHMAD
SHOMAILA KHAN
TARIQ UMAR
FIRE PREVENTION :

Covering aspects of fire prevention pertaining to design and construction of buildings on

passive fire protection measures, also describing the various types of building materials
and their fire rating.

PASSIVE FIRE PREVENTION : To contain fire and prevent spread of flame and smoke.

 It specifies the demarcation of fire zones.

 Restrictions on construction of buildings in each fire zone.
 Classification of buildings based on occupancy.
 Types of building construction according to fire resistance of the structural and non-
structural components.
 And other restrictions and requirements necessary to minimize danger to life from
fire, smoke, fumes or panic before the buildings can be evacuated.

2.25 Fire Load - Calorific energy, of the whole contents contained in a space, including the
facings of the walls, partitions, floors and ceilings.

2.26 Fire Load Density - Fire load divided by floor area.It is expressed in kCal/sq m.
2.21 Fire Compartment - A space within a building that is enclosed by fire barrier or fire
resistant walls on all sides, including the top and bottom.
2.28 Fire Resistance — Fire resistance is a property of an element of building
construction and is the measure of its ability to satisfy for a stated period, some or all of
the following criteria:
a) Load bearing capacity (Stability) (R) — The ability of a load bearing element to
withstand fire exposure without any loss of structural stability.
b) Integrity (E) — Resistance to penetration of flame and hot gases.
c) Insulation (I) — Resistance to temperature rise on the unexposed face up to a
maximum of 180°C at any single point and average temperature of 140°C.

Fire Resistance Rating - The time that a material or construction will withstand the
standard fire exposure as determined by fire test done in accordance with the standard
methods of fire tests of materials/ structures as per the accepted standard [4(2)].It is
expressed in minutes against a specified fire load which is expressed in kcal/m2, and
against a certain intensity of fire.

2.20 Fire Barrier (or Fire Resisting Barrier) - A fire barrier is a vertically or horizontally
aligned member such as a wall or a fire curtain, or a floor. These may be with
discontinuities created by openings with a specified fire resistance rating, where such
members are designed and constructed with a specified fire resistance rating to limit the
spread of fire that also restricts the movement of smoke.
FIRE ZONES
The number of fire zones in a city or area underthe jurisdiction of the authority depends
upon:
• Existing layout,
• Types of building construction,
• Classification of existing buildings based on occupancy
• Expected future development of the city or area.
In large cities or areas, three fire Zones may be necessary, while in smaller ones, one or
two may be adequate.
FIRE ZONE 01 FIRE ZONE 02 FIRE ZONE 03
This shall comprise areas having This shall comprise This shall comprise areas
• Residential (Group A), business (subdivision E- having high hazard
• Educational (Group B), 2to E-5) and industrial industrial buildings
• Institutional (Group C), buildings (Subdivision (subdivision G-3), Storage
• Assembly (Group D), G-1 and G-2), except high buildings(Group H) and
• small business (Subdivision E- hazard industrial buildings for hazardous
l) and buildings (Subdivision G- uses (Group J) or areas
• Retail mercantile (Group 3) or areas which are which are under
F)buildings or areas which are under development for development for such
under development for such such occupancies. occupancies.
occupancies
OVERLAPPING FIRE ZONES
• When any building is so situated that it extends to more than one Fire Zone, it shall be
deemed to be in the Fire Zone in which the major portion of the building or structure
is situated.
• When any building is so situated that it extends equally to more than one fire zone, it
shall be deemed to be in the fire zone having more hazardous occupancy buildings.

TEMPORARY BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

• Temporary buildings and structures shall be permitted only in Fire Zones No. 1 and 2
as the case may be, according to the purpose for which these are to be used.
• Adequate fire precautionary measures in the construction of temporary structures
and PANDALS shall be taken.
• Such buildings and temporary structures shall be completely removed on the expiry of
the period specified in the permit.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE REMARK

A RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS
A1 Lodging & Rooming Inns, Clubs, Motels And Guest Houses
Houses

A2 One Or Two Family Small Residential Complexes

Private Dwellings

A3 Dormitories School And College Dormitories, Students’,

And Other Hostels And Military
Barracks.
A4 Apartment Houses Apartment Houses, Mansions And Chawls.

A5 Hotels Hotels classified up to 4 star Category

A6 Starred Hotels Hotels duly approved by the Concerned

authorities as five star and above Hotels.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE REMARKS

B EDUCATIONAL
BUILDINGS

B1 Schools Upto Also Includes Nurseries,

Senior Secondary Kindergarten,
Schools with Students Not Less
Than 20 In Number

B2 All Defence, Para-militry, Police, Fire

Others/Training Service,
Institutions Administration And Such Other
Professional/Technical
Training Institutions Under One
Single Management WITH
ALTEAST 100 STUDENTS.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE REMARKS

C INSTITUTIONAL
BUILDINGS

C1 Hospitals & Hospitals, Infirmaries, Sanatoria

Sanatoria And Nursing
Homes.

C2 Custodial Homes For The Aged And

Institutions Infirm, Convalescent Homes And
Orphanages

C3 Penal & Mental Jails, Prisons, Mental

Institutions Hospitals, Mental Sanatoria And
Reformatories.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE
D ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS
D1 Buildings having a
theatrical or motion
picture or any other
stage and fixed seats
for over 1000 persons
D2 Buildings having
theatrical or
motion picture or any
other stage and fixed
seats
up-to 1000 persons.
REMARKS
According to Uniform Fire Code (NFPA-1-
2003), in Assembly occupancies having
occupant loads exceeding 1000, trained
crowd managers/supervisors are required to
be provided, except for Assembly
occupancies for religious worships, for
crowds not exceeding 2000.
Also, in the same Uniform Fire Code, seats in
the Assembly occupancies accommodating
more than 200 persons are required to be
securely fastened to the floor except where
such fastening is impracticable as in the case
of restaurants, night clubs, dance halls etc.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE REMARKS

D ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS

D3 Buildings without a Dance Halls, Night Clubs,

permanent Halls For Incidental Picture
stage having accommodation Shows,dramatic, Theatrical Or
for 300 or more Educational Presentation, Art
persons but no permanent Galleries, Exhibition Halls,
seating arrangement Community Halls, Passenger
Terminals And Heritage And
Archaeological Monuments.

D4 Buildings without a
permanent
stage having accommodation
for less than 300
persons with no permanent
seating arrangement
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE
D ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS
D5 All other structures including
temporary structures designed
for assembly of
people not covered by sub
divisions D1 to D4, at
ground level.
PURPOSE REMARKS
These are outdoor
occupancies or temporary
structures like circus tents,
where a large number of
people gather for a short
duration. The life hazards
in such occupancies are high.

D6 Buildings having mixed

occupancies providing facilities
such as shopping, cinema
theatres, and restaurants.

D7 All other structures, elevated or

underground, for assembly of
people not covered by
subdivisions D-1 to D-6.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE REMARKS

D7 All other structures,

elevated or
underground, for
assembly of people not
covered
by subdivisions D-1 to D-
6.

E BUSINESS BUILDING

E1 Offices, banks, professional

establishments like offices of architects,
engineers, doctors, lawyers and police
stations

E2 Laboratories, research
establishments, libraries and test
houses
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE REMARKS
E BUSINESS BUILDING
E3 Computer
installations
E4 Telephone exchanges
E5 Broadcasting stations
and T.V stations

F MERCENTILE BUILDINGS
F1 Shops, stores, Hazards of shopping centres
departmental stores, increase with their
markets, size,as evacuation of
with area up to 500 m occupants and fire fighting
become more difficult in
large departmental stores.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE REMARKS

F2 Shops, stores, departmental In some of the international

stores, markets, standards, apart from
with area more than 500 area of the building, number of
m2 storeys is also taken
as a factor for reckoning sub
divisions.

F3 Underground shopping Underground shopping centres are

centres. Storage and considered still
service facilities incidental more hazardous, because of
to the sale of difficulties in smoke
merchandise and located in extraction and fire fighting efforts.
the same building
shall be included under this
group.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE REMARKS
G INDUSTRIAL
BUILDINGS
G1 Buildings used Engineering
for low hazard Workshops, Ceramic
industries factories

G2 Buildings used Aluminium factories,

for moderate Cold Storages,
hazard Electric
industries Generating Stations

G3 Buildings used Cotton Waste

for high hazard Factories, Explosive
industries Factories, Fire Works
Manufacture,
Petroleum Refineries,
Oil Installations
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP TYPE PURPOSE REMARKS

H STORAGE Warehouses, Cold The fire load in this

BUILDINGS Storage, Freight Depots, Transit
Sheds, Store Houses, Truck And
Marine Terminals, Garages,
Hangars, Grain Elevators , Barns
And Stables
occupancy class will vary
according to the type of
material(s) stored. In
these types of
occupancies, generally
material hazards are
more than life hazards

J HAZARDOUS Used for the storage, handling,

BUILDINGS manufacture or processing of
highly combustible or explosive
materials or products which are
liable to burn with extreme rapidity
and (or) which may produce
poisonous fumes or explosions on
storage/handling, manufacturing or
processing
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
• Fire resistance of structural and non-structural elements is expressed in HOURS
• FIRE RESISTANCE RATINGS:
for all types of structural members, doors and windows are
15mins 30mins 45min 1Hr 1.5Hr 2Hr 4Hr

• Fire Zone-1, Fire Zone-2

Type-1 • Fire Zone-3

• Fire Zone-1, Fire Zone-2

Type-2 • Fire Zone-3

• Fire Zone-1
Type-3 • Fire Zone-2

• Fire Zone-1
Type-4
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

Type-1 Type-2 Type-3 Type-4

Exterior bearing Exterior bearing Interior bearing Exterior bearing
walls: 3 to 4 hours.
walls: 0 to 2 hours. walls: 1 to 2 hour walls: 2 hours.
Interior bearing
walls: 2 to 4 hours. Interior bearing Columns: 0 to 1 Interior bearing
walls: 1 to 2 hours. hour. walls: 1 to 2 hours
Columns: 2 to 4
hours. Columns: 0 to 2 Beams, girders, Roof: 0 to 1Hour
Beams, girders, hours. trusses, arches: 0 to
trusses, and arches: Beams, girders, 1 hour.
2 to 4 hours trusses, arches: 0 to Floors: 0 to 1 hour.
Floors: 2 to 3 hours. 2 hours Roof: 0 to 1 hour.
Roof: 1-1/2 to 2 Floors: 0 to 2 hours.
hours.
Roof: 0 to 1 hour.
Axis Title Chart Title

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
Residential Educational Institutional Assembly Business Mercantile Industrial Storage Hazardous

Axis Title
 Sl. Use Compartm
COMPARTMENTATION N
o entation
Area sq.m
To limit the spread of a fire in any building fire
barriers is used. 1. Basement car 3000
parking
All floors shall be compartmented/zoned with area 2. Basement(other 2000
of each compartment being not more than 750 than car parking)
m2.
The maximum size of the compartment shall be as 3. Institutional 1800
Buildings
follows, in case of sprinklered basement/building:
4. Mercantile and 2000
assembly buildings
5. Business Buildings 3000
6. All other buildings 750
False ceiling, including all fixtures used for its suspension, shall be of non-combustible
material and shall provide adequate fire resistance to the ceiling in order to prevent
spread of fire across ceiling.

Fire Door and Fire Door Assembly - Any combination of fire door, frame, hardware and
other accessories that together provide a specific fire resistant rating to the opening in
terms of its stability, integrity and insulation properties, when installed in the openings in
fire separation walls.
LIST OF STANDARDS

(1) 3808 : 1979 Method of test for non- combustibility of buildingmaterials (first
revision)
(2) IS/ISO 834-1 : Fire resistance tests . Elements 1999 of building construction Part 1
General requirements
IS/ISO 834-4 : Fire resistance tests . Elements 2000 of building construction: Part 4
Specific requirements for load bearing vertical separating elements
IS/ISO 834-5 : Fire resistance tests . Elements 2000 of building construction: Part 5
Specific requirements for load bearing horizontal separating elements
IS/ISO 834-6 : Fire resistance tets . Elements 2000 of building constructions: Part 6
Specific requirements for beams
IS/ISO 834-7 : Fire resistance tests . Elements 2000 of building construction: Part 7
Specific requirements for columns
IS/ISO 834-8 : Fire resistance tests . Elements 2003 of building construction: Part 8
Specific requirements for non- load bearing vertical separating elements
IS/ISO 834-9 : Fire resistance tests . Elements 2003 of building construction: Part 9
Specific requirements for non- load bearing ceiling elements

IS 3614 – Fire Door Test

NFPA 80 – standard for fire doors and other opening protectives
ASTM E119 - 18ce1 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and
Materials
Fire Endurance Test
Hose Stream Test
 Wherever reference has been made to fire door or fire check door in this Part, the
same shall be construed as fire door assembly.
 Fire doors in exits shall have fire rating as required in this Part to meet the
requirement of integrity and stability; and the insulation criteria shall be 20 min. 
 Fire doors in exits shall be provided with intumescent seal.
 Fire doors in exits shall not be allowed to be on hold open position and kept closed
and to close by door closure spring mechanism.
 Fire curtains shall not be allowed as fire exits. If so provided for compartmentation,
Independent fire door shall be provided meeting the requirement for fire door in exits
as above (of the width as required) within the prescribed travel distance
requirement.

3.4.5.2 For Types 1 to 3 constructions, a doorway or opening in a fire resistant wall on

any floor shall be limited to 5.6 sq m in area with a maximum height/width of 2.75 m.
Every wall opening shall be protected with fire-resisting doors, having the fire rating of
not less than 120 min. The openings in the floors shall be protected by vertical enclosures
extending above and below such openings, such enclosures having a fire resistance of not
less than 120 min and all openings therein being protected with a fire-resisting assembly
specified in 3.4.5.6.

3.4.5.3 For Type 4 construction, openings in the fire separating walls or floors shall be
fitted with 120 min fire-resistance rated assemblies.
FIRE STOPS/ SEALS/ SLEEVES AT VERTICAL OPENINGS AND HORIZONTAL SERVICE
PASSAGES
 Openings in walls or floors which are necessary to be provided to allow passages of all
building services shall be protected by enclosure in the form of ducts/shafts having
afire resistance not less than 2 h.
 The inspection door for electrical shafts/ducts shall be not less than 2 h
 The inspection door for other services shall be not less than 1 h
 Medium and low voltage wiring running in shafts/ducts, shall either be armoured type
or run through metal conduits.

FIRE SEAL MATERIALS

• cement mortar , gypsum-based plaster , cement or gypsum vermiculite/perlite mixes

• glass fibre, crushed rock, blast furnuace slag, or ceramic based products (with or
without resin binders), and intumescent , mastics etc.
 Wherever reference has been made to fire door or fire check door in this Part, the
same shall be construed as fire door assembly.
 Fire doors in exits shall have fire rating as required in this Part to meet the
requirement of integrity and stability; and the insulation criteria shall be 20 min. 
 Fire doors in exits shall be provided with intumescent seal.
 Fire doors in exits shall not be allowed to be on hold open position and kept closed
and to close by door closure spring mechanism.
 Fire curtains shall not be allowed as fire exits. If so provided for compartmentation,
Independent fire door shall be provided meeting the requirement for fire door in exits
as above (of the width as required) within the prescribed travel distance
requirement.

3.4.5.2 For Types 1 to 3 constructions, a doorway or opening in a fire resistant wall on

any floor shall be limited to 5.6 sq m in area with a maximum height/width of 2.75 m.
Every wall opening shall be protected with fire-resisting doors, having the fire rating of
not less than 120 min. The openings in the floors shall be protected by vertical enclosures
extending above and below such openings, such enclosures having a fire resistance of not
less than 120 min and all openings therein being protected with a fire-resisting assembly
specified in 3.4.5.6.

3.4.5.3 For Type 4 construction, openings in the fire separating walls or floors shall be
fitted with 120 min fire-resistance rated assemblies.
3.4.10.2 Glass facade shall be in accordance with the following:

For fully sprinklered buildings having fire separation of 9 m or more, tempered glass in
a non-combustible assembly, with ability to hold the glass in place, shall be provided. It
shall be ensured that sprinklers are located within 600 mm of the glass facade providing
full coverage to the glass. NOTE . In case of all other buildings, fire resistance rating of
glass facade shall be in accordance with Table 1.

All gaps between floor-slabs and façade assembly shall be sealed at all levels by
approved fire resistant sealant material of equal fire rating as that of floor slab to
prevent fire and smoke propagation from one floor to another.

Openable panels shall be provided on each floor and shall be spaced not more than 10
m apart measured along the external wall from centre-to-centre of the access openings.
Such openings shall be operable at a height between 1.2 m and 1.5 m from the floor,
The form of openable panels (fire access panels) of size not less than 1 000 mm × 1 000
mm opening outwards.

The wordings, .FIRE OPENABLE PANEL . OPEN IN CASE OF FIRE, DO NOT OBSTRUCT. 25
mm letter height shall be marked on the internal side. Such panels shall be suitably
distributed on each floor based on occupant concentration. These shall not be limited to
cubicle areas and shall be also located in common areas/corridors to facilitate access.
Adequate precautions to minimise spread of flame on wall, facade of building and ceiling
surfaces. The finishing materials used for various surfaces and decor shall be such that it
shall not generate toxic smoke/fumes.

Based on the rate of spread of flame, surfacing material shall be considered as divided
into four classes as follows {see also good practice [4(11)]}:
a) Class 1 Surfaces of very low flame spread.
b) Class 2 Surfaces of low flame spread.
c) Class 3 Surfaces of medium flame spread.
d) Class 4 Surfaces of rapid flame spread.

3.4.11.4 Materials of Class 4 which include untreated wood fiberboards may be used with
due fire retardant treatment as ceiling lining, provided the ceiling is at least, 2.4 m from
the top surface of the floor below, and the wall surfaces conform to requirements of
class [see Note under 3.4.11.3]. Class 4 materials shall not be used in kitchens, corridors
and staircases. Some materials contain bitumen and, in addition to risk from spread of
fire, emit dense smoke on burning; such materials shall be excluded from use under
these conditions and shall also not be used for construction of ceiling where the plenum
is used for return air in air conditioned buildings.

When evaluating building materials for fire safety, many factors including ignition
temperature, smoke toxicity and flame-spread are considered. The best known test for
developing this rating is the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Test
Method E-84, commonly known as the tunnel test.
The tunnel test measures how far and how fast flames spread across the surface of the
test sample. In this test, a sample of the material 20 inches wide and 25 feet long, is
installed as ceiling of a test chamber, and exposed to a gas flame at one end. The
resulting flame spread rating (FSR) is expressed as a number on a continuous scale where
inorganic reinforced cement board is 0 and red oak is 100

In general, inorganic materials such as brick or tile are Class I materials. Whole wood
materials are usually Class II, while reconstituted wood materials such as plywood,
particle board or hardboard are Class III. Whole wood is defined as wood used in the
same form as sawn from the tree.

 Class A - Flame-spread 0-25, smoke developed 0-450.

 Class B - Flame-spread 26-75, smoke developed 0-450.
 Class C - Flame-spread 76-200, smoke developed 0-450.
NFPA 101 primarily applies this classification to interior wall
and ceiling finish materials.
 Walls , floor , electrical circuit – 140 degree celsius
 Structural steel – 550 degree celsius
 Insulation – 600 degree celsius
 Aluminium – 640 degree celsius
 PVC pipe – 211 degree celsius
BASEMENTS

 Each basement shall be separately ventilated. Vents with cross-sectional area

(aggregate) not less than 2.5 percent of the floor area spread evenly round the
perimeter of the basement shall be provided in the form of grills, or breakable
stallboard lights or pavement lights or by way of shafts.
 A system of air inlets shall be provided at basement floor level and smoke outlets at
basement ceiling level.
 The staircase of basements shall be of enclosed type having fire resistance of not less
than 2 h.
 In multi-storey basements, intake ducts may serve all basement levels, but each
basement levels and basement compartment shall have separate smoke outlet duct
or ducts.
 Mechanical extractors shall be designed to permit 30 air changes per hour in case of
fire or distress call.
BUILDINGS OF HEIGHT 15 M AND ABOVE

Some of the key aspects are as follows:

a) Staging and evacuation requirements of occupants.

b) Stack effect posing challenges towards pressurization and smoke exhaust.
c) Zoning of firefighting system to meet functional requirements of hydraulic pressure
and flow.
d) Challenges experienced by fire personnel in reaching the place of fire and towards
evacuation.

 All materials of constructions in load bearing elements, stairways and corridors and
facades shall be non-combustible.
 The interior finishing materials shall be of very low flame spread type.
 Walls of the lift bank well enclosure for a lift or group of lifts shall have a fire rating of
120 min. The lift well shall have a vent at the top, of area not less than 0.2 m2 per lift.
 Landing doors - Lift landing doors shall be imperforate. Collapsible doors shall not be
permitted.
 Lift landing doors provided in the lift enclosure shall have a minimum fire
resistance rating of 60 min.
HORIZONTAL EXITS/REFUGE AREA

 A horizontal exit shall be through a fire door of 120 min rating in a fire resistant wall.

 Horizontal exit require separation with the refuge area or adjoining compartment
through 120 min fire barrier.

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION IN ATRIUM

In order for an atrium to be permitted in buildings, the
following shall be complied:
 Atrium shall be permitted in buildings Of Type 1 and Type
2 construction only.
 The use of combustible furnishings and decorations on
the floor of the atrium shall be limited and sparsely
distributed.
 They must be separated from the rest of the building by
1-hour fire-resistive fire barriers.
 Exit travel distance within some parts of the atrium
cannot exceed 200 feet (61 m).
CAR PARKING FACILITIES
 A parking structure can be enclosed or open, use ramps, & use mechanical control
push button type elevators to transfer vehicles from one floor to another.
 Motor vehicles are permitted to be parked by drivers, or an attendant or can be
parked mechanically by automated facilities.

OFF STREET CAR PARKING MULTISTOREY CAR PARKING

OFF STREET CAR PARKING ROOF CAR PARKING

PROVISIONS FOR CAR PARKING
 Floor surfaces shall be non-combustible, sloping towards drains to remove
accumulation of water.
 Where both parking and repair operations are conducted in the same building, the
entire building shall comply with the requirements for Group G occupancies, unless
the parking and repair sections are effectively separated by separation walls of 120
min.
 Vehicle ramps shall not be considered as exits unless pedestrian facilities are provided.
 Other occupancies like fuel dispensing, shall not be allowed in the building. Car repair
facilities, if provided, shall be separated by 120 min fire resistant construction.
 Those parts of parking structures located within, immediately above or below,
attached to, or less than 3 m away from a building used for any other purpose shall be
separated by fire resistant walls and floors having fire resistance rating of not less than
120 min.

OPEN CAR PARKING STRUCTURES

 A parking structure having each parking level wall openings open to the atmosphere,
for an area of not less than 0.4 m2 for each linear metre of its exterior perimeter shall
be construed as open parking structure.
 Open parking structures are not required to be provided with compartmentation.
ENCLOSED PARKING STRUCTURES
 Those car parking structures which are enclosed on all sides and on top, not falling
within the definition of open car parking and also those situated in the basements
shall be known as enclosed car parking structures.
 For basement car parking, compartmentation can be achieved, with fire barrier or
with water curtain nozzle
 All fire exit doors from the car parking to exits shall be painted green and shall display
exit signage.
AUTOMATED CAR PARKING UTILIZING MECHANICAL OR
COMPUTERIZED/ ROBOTIC MEANS

 Automated car parking structure can be of open

parking type or enclosed types.
 Automated car parking facilities pose more hazard
compared to manual parking :High density of cars due
to close stackingone over another, Lack of provision on
fire separation/ compartmentation-horizontal or
vertical leading to rapid fire spreadE
 Structure shall be provided with a ventillation system
that continuously provide min. of 2 acph.
 Hazardous areas like DG sets, transformers, HT/LT AUTOMATED CAR PARKING IN BASEMENT
panels shall be suitably segregated from other areas.