Citing

Sources
As Shakespeare said in Sonnet 116,
“Love is not love/which alters when it
alteration finds”
 I always say, from this movie which title I don’t remember
(but I do know Tom Hanks is in it!), that life is like a box of
chocolates; you’ll never know what you’re gonna get! Let me
know what movie this is from.
 Barack Obama’s Speech Vaughn Ward’s Speech

"We stand on the crossroads of history“ "As we stand on the crossroads of history“

"We can make the right choices and meet "I know we can make the right choices and
the challenges that face us“ meet the challenges that lay before us“

"If you feel the same urgency that I do, if you "If you feel the same urgency and the same
feel the same passion that I do“ passion that I do“

"Then I have no doubt“ "Then I have no doubt“

"The people will rise up in November“ "That our voices will be heard in November“

"And this country will reclaim its promise" "Our country will reclaim its promise"
Forms of Citation
 In-text Citation

The details of the

reference used in a
certain part of his/her
essay
Example (APA Style)
Reference Citation
• Refers to the complete
bibliographic entries of all
references
• Found at the last part of
the paper
 Style Guides

• Governed by rules of
style and structure

• Published as style guides

and manuals.
 Style Guide Discipline
Psychology, education, hotel and
APA restaurant management, business,
The Publication Manual of the American economics and other social sciences
Psychological Association

MLA literature, arts, and humanities

The Modern Language Association Style
Guide

IEEE Engineering
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

AMA Medicine, health sciences, and other

natural sciences
American Medical Association Manual of
reference books, non-academic
Chicago
Style
periodicals (e.g., newspapers magazines,
. The Chicago Manual of Style journals and etc.
 Guidelines in In-text Citation
(APA Style)
• Author's last name

Sipacio
• Place comma after author’s last
name
Sipacio,
 Guidelines in In-text Citation
(APA Style)
• Follow the author-(latest) year of
publication
2014
• Indicate the page number (not
necessary
• Place the period after the citation
Author’s last name

Comma

Year of Publication

(Sipacio, 2014)
 For a work with only one author

• According to Sipacio (2014), APA Style is

required for business student majors

• APA style is required for business student

majors (Sipacio,2014)
 For two authors:

• According to Sipacio and Barrot (2014), APA style is

required for Business student majors

• APA style is required for Business student majors

(Sipacio & Barrot, 2014)
 For three to five authors

• Name all three in the first citation

• Use the primary author followed by et.al

(Which means ‘and authors’)
First Citation
According to Sipacio, Barrot and Sanchez (2014), The APA
style is appropriate for the fields of nursing and education

The APA style is appropriate for the fields of nursing and

education (Sipacio, Barrot and Sanchez, 2014).

Subsequent Citation
Sipacio et.al. states that in general, the social sciences
employ this citation style (2014)

In general, the social sciences

 Direct Quotations

• When you use a direct quote, less than

40 words.

• Include the page number (s)

-preceded by ‘p’ or ‘pp’
 Direct Quotations

• Start your quotation in a new line with

a ½ indentation on the left margin

• Parenthetical citation should be placed

after the period
 Guidelines in Reference Citations

• Place the reference list on a new page

separate from the text of your writing

• Label this page “References and align it at the

center at the top of the page

• Do not use bold face, underline, or quotation

marks for the title
References
 Guidelines in Reference Citations

• All text should be double-spaced just

like the rest of the paper

• Follow this sequence in writing the

names of the author: Last name, First
name initial. Middle Initial

• Arrange in alphabetical Order

 References

Antonio, L.C.

Barrot, J.S.
 Guidelines in Reference Citations
• Do not cut or add to the title

• Capitalize only the first letter of the first

word of a title, the first letter of the
first word of its subtitle after a colon,
and the proper nouns

• Italicize the titles. When the article is

used, italicize only the journal title.
 References

Barrot, J.S. (2013b). Revising the role of linguistic complexity

in ESL reading comprehension. 3L: The Southeast Asian

Journal of English Language Studies.

Dryzek, J.S., & Dunleavy, P. (2009). Theories of the democratic

state. NH: Palgrave Macmillan

 Guidelines in Reference Citations

• For online sources, make sure to remove the

hyperlink of the URL

• For print sources, place a period at the end

of the entry

• Put “n.d.” (no date) for sources with no date

 Sources Examples
Articles from an online journal Barrot, J.S. (2013). A macro perspective on
• If the article has been assigned key issues in English as a second
language (ESL) pedagogy in the post
with a digital object identifier method era: confronting challenges
(doi) through sociocognitive-transformative
• indicate it. Otherwise, approach. The Asia Pacific Education
• use the URL of the article Researcher: Doi: 10.1007/s40299-013-
preceded by a signal phrase 0119-4.
“Retrieved from”
• Include volume number, issue
Book Sections
number enclosed in parentheses Antonio, L.C.(2010). Study on recyclables
• Include pageand
number/s collection trends and best practices in
(if available) page numbers. the Philippines. In M. Kojima, (Ed.),
• Place it at the end of the entry 3R
Policies for Southeast and East Asia.
ERIA Research Project Report 2009-
10(40-70). Jakarta: ERIA.
 Sources Examples

Books Friedman, T.L. (2009). Hot, flat and

Single author crowded: Why we need a green
revolution-and how it can renew
America. NY:Picador.

Two authors Dryzek, J.S., & Dunleavy, P.

(2009).Theories
of the democratic state. NH: Palgrave
Macmillan.

Multiple author (with seven Plata, S.M. et al. (2006). Research, process
authors) and product workbook. Laguna:
Trailblazers Publication.
 Sources Examples

Conference Proceedings Sipacio, P.J. (2013). Perceived

effectiveness of zero plastic waste
initiatives in Philippine cities: A policy
review with recommendations for
innovation and sustainability.
Proceedings from the 2nd Hong Kong
International Conference on
Education, Psychology and Society,
Hong Kong.

Internet Sources OWL Purdue University Online Writing

Lab. (n.d.). APA style. Retrieved from
https://owl.English.purdue.Edu/owl
/section/2/10/
 Sources Examples
Journal Articles
• Italicize the journal title
• Include volume number
• Issue number enclosed in parentheses
and page number/s Magno, C.(2010). The role of metacognitive
skills in developing critical thinking.
Single author Metacognition Learning, 5, 137-156.

Barrot, J.& De leon, K. (2011). Accuracy order

the grammatical morphemes in the oral
Two authors production of preschool pupils. Indonesian
Journal of Applied Linguistics. 3 (2), 63-76.

Barrios, A., Bolanos, E., Cequena, M., Barrot, J.,

& Gabinete, K. (2013). Investigating the
Multiple authors relationship between college students’ self-
perception and actual performance in
reading and in writing. Philippine ESL
Journal, 11, 23.
 Sources Examples

Personal Communication S. Tabiola (personal communication,

• Should not appear in the reference list November 30, 2014)
However, you cite this in-text using the
sample format on the right (S. Tabiola, personal communication,
November 30, 2014)
 Sources
Same author in the same year
Examples
Barrot, J.S. (2013a). A macro perspective on
key issues in English as a second language
(ESL) pedagogy in the postmethod-era:
Confronting challenges through
sociocognitive approach. The Asia-Pacific
Education Researcher. Doi:10.1007/s40299-
013-0119-4.
Barrot, J.S.(2013b). Revisiting the role of
linguistic complexity in ESL reading
comprehension. 3L: The Southeast Asian
Journal of English Language Studies.
Retrieved from http://core.kmi.open.ac.
uk/download/pdf/11494968.pdf
 Sources Examples

Thesis and Dissertation Tiu, G. (2013). Toward an internationalization

model for De La Salle University (DLSU): An
assessment of current approaches in two
Asian institutions (Unpublished doctoral
dissertation). De La Salle University, Manila.
 References:
Barrot, J., & Fresnillo-Sipacio, P.J. (2016). English for
Academic & Professional Purposes.

http://www.ajc.com/news/national/melania-trump-speech-
famous-moments-plagiarism/bYLBYhpIWj8El7GEVvf7LK/

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/11/