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Aksa - 101220317oral Presentation
Aksa - 101220317oral Presentation
Aksa - 101220317oral Presentation
minimization
• The construction industry has been held significantly liable for being one of the main causes leading to
largest waste origins Malaysia has (Ikau, Joseph and Tawie, 2016).
• The generation of wastage as a consequence of construction incorporates both material losses as well as
unnecessary work implemented on site, (Gul Polae and Glenn Ballard, 2004).
• The wastage as a consequence of construction has been divided by Al-Moghany (2006) as; wastage of
• Still, the context of this research will be based on the wastage of material, this is because majority of the
cost of the project is because of the materials purchased, i.e. around 50-60% (Naief TurkiIbn and - Homaid,
2002)
• By reducing material waste generation. The instances of illegal dumping will also reduce significantly.
• Several contributory factors of material waste generation at the design, procurement as well as construction
stages are already recognized in previous researches, such as Site layout (Zikhun Ding et.el. 2017), Details in
drawings (Rafael Gavilan and Leonhard Bernold ,2018), Order Placement (Bossink & Brouwers 1996), quality of
materials ((Wandee et al., 2019) and equipment quality, Use of material (Bossink & Brouwers 1996).
• The wastage as a consequence of construction has been divided by Al-Moghany (2006) as; wastage of
• The context of this research will be based on the wastage of material, this is because majority of the cost of
environmental pollution, also decreases the project budget by reducing quantity of materials used,
lifespan of the landfills will be increased (Florence Ling & Mark Lim 2002, Lingard, Graham & Smithers
2000).
• Given the importance of minimizing material waste generation and the strong impact material waste
generation factors have on each other at different stages, this study will analyze the design, procurement
and as built stages in an undergoing construction project in Kuching, Malaysia, to determine the possible
correlation among the identified material waste generation factors, and develop a tookit to minimize
Material waste.
• The researchers mentioned above identified the MWG factors by adopting their own unique techniques and
methods. Al-Hajj and Hamani (2011) used questionnaires, Whereas, Wang, Li and Tam (2014) used the
software venism in order to develop a system dynamics model. Ajayi and Oyedele, (2018), and Wang et al
(2019) performed their research by using qualitative sampling and data collection via interviews, and
quantitative data collection via questionnaires respectively. Also, AMOS 21 was used by both the researchers
for structural equation modelling (SEM) so as to be able to form and verify the correlation shown by the
different variables.
DULN004(Q) KP(JPS)5195/IPTS/1144 05 June 2004 Co. No. 497194-M
To derive the problem
• Knowledge Gap:
• Previous researches have been done showing the MWG factors separately at the design, procurement
construction and demolition stages. Recently, MWG factors at the design and construction stage have
been shown in correlation to each other. However, the research gap, correlating the MWG factors at the
MWG stages which are design, procurement and as built , still remains, and are required to be targeted.
So as to reduce MWG, three stages i.e. design, procurement as well as as built cannot be treated
independently.
• According to Ding et al., (2016) these three stages act as a system together where any alterations made in
design stage influences the procurement and as built stages. This research paper focusses on identifying
the material quantity variation at the three stages resulting in possible material wastage and developing a
toolkit in order to minimize possible material wastage cause of variation.
the NREB (Lau and Whyte, 2007). Most of the waste coming from construction projects which
are on a smaller scale is dumped at illegal dumping sites in Kuching (Lau and Whyte, 2007). This
the MWG factors and their correlation, also the development of an SOP at the three stages of
material waste generation i.e. design, procurement and construction, there will be minimization
of material waste. Reducing material waste will eventually lead to the decrease in the rate of
increasing number of landfills, also the lifespan of landfills will be extended eventually.
Aim
• Material waste minimization
Objective
• To identify the material variation and wastage through the design-procurement-as built stages
Hypotheses:
Length 220 mm
Breadth 96 mm
Height 69 mm
Length 230 mm
Breadth 106 mm
Height 79 mm
Length 1763 mm
Deduction
Breadth 106 mm
Window (W3) Unit
Length 1800 mm Height 3300 mm
Deduction
Door D5
Length 2250 mm
Breadth 106 mm
Height 2100 mm
Volumne of Door D5 500850000 mm^3
Volumne of Door D5 17.6873487 cft
Bricks used for this volume 520.0880572 Pcs
Deduction
Window W2
Length 600 mm
Breadth 106 mm
Height 1800 mm
Volume of window W2 114480000 mm^3
Volume of window W2 4.04282256 cft
Bricks used for this volume 118.8772702 Pcs
Deduction
Door D1
Length 3150 mm
Breadth 106 mm
Height 2100 mm
Volume of door D1 701190000 mm^3
Volume of door D1 24.76228818 cft
Window W1
Length 1800 mm
Breadth 106 mm
Height 1800 mm
Volume of window W1 343440000 mm^3
Volume of window W1 12.12846768 cft
Deduction
Window W5
Length 600 mm
Breadth 106 mm
Height 600 mm
Volume Window W5 38160000 mm^3
Volume Window W5 1.34760752 cft
Total No of bricks used 39.62575674 Pcs
Tiles 1 1.4
Red bricks 4 5
This will help in recognizing the materials
wasted most responsible in increasing cost.
Tiles 11 15.4
The issue can be solved by replacing with
less expensive materials or reducing the
wastage margin