Continuous

Production
Acceptance Sampling
for Attributes

Continuous Sampling Plan

 Topic Outcome:
 At the end of this topic, students will be able to:
 Identify and use various types of continuous sampling
plan.
 Topic Outline:
 Introduction
 CSP-1
 CSP-2
 MIL-STD-1235B
 CSP-1,
 CSP-2,
 CSP-F,
 CSP-T,
 CSP-V
 An Introduction
 In cases where production is continuous,
continuous the formation
of inspection lots for lot-by-lot inspection is somewhat
artificial.
 Continuous sampling plans is used  it is not
necessary to accumulate a lot before making
decision & the production organization can deliver
product more rapidly and less storage space is required.
 Prerequisites for application of single-level continuous
sampling plan:
plan
• Inspection must involve ‘moving product’ (product is
flowing past an inspection station via conveyor belt or
straight-line system)
• Rapid 100% inspection must be feasible.
• Inspection must be relatively easy.
• Product must be homogeneous.
 Basic concept of continuous sampling plan.

100% Inspection

If stated number of units (clearance number, i)

Is free from nonconformities

Sampling Inspection

A specific number of nonconforming

units are found
 This concept was first developed by H.H. Dodge (1943) 
CSP-1, with two additional plans,CSP-2 and CSP-3.

 They are categorized as single-level plans.

 Multilevel continuous plans  G. Licherman and

H.Soloman (1955).

 MIL-STD-1235 (ORD)  superseded  MIL-STD-1235A

(MU) (1974)  MIL-STD-1235B (1981).
 CSP-1
 The plan operates as follows:
Inspector inspects 100% of the units
START
When i consecutive units are found free of
nonconformities concerned

Inspector inspects is released from

100% inspection.
Sampling inspector inspects a fraction, f,
of the units.
Sample units are selected in a random
manner.
When Sampling Inspector finds 1 of the
nonconformities concerned
 Two terms need to be clarified:
 Clearance number (i)  number of conforming units in
100% inspection.
 Sampling frequency (f)  Ratio of units inspected to
the total units passing an inspection station during
periods of sampling inspection.
 f=1/50  1 sampling inspection is made for
every 50 units of product.
 CSP-1 plans are indexed by AOQL.
 For a particular AOQL, there are different combinations of i
and f.
 Table 10-11
 Q&A
 One plan for an AOQL of 0.79 is i=59 and f=1/3.
 Interpretation: Sampling inspection of 1 out of every 3
products is instigated after 59 consecutive products are
free of nonconformities. Sampling continuous until a
nonconformity is found, at which time 100% inspection is
reinstated.
 Along with AOQL of 0.79, there are others combination of i
and f.
 Refers to Table 10-11: as f value decreases (less
protection), the i value increases.
 Consideration of choosing i and f values:
 Quality protection & amount of production per shift.
 CSP-2
 It is a modification of CSP-1.
 No requirement of 100% inspection when a nonconformities
is found. Unless a second nonconformities is found in the
next i or fewer sample units.
 Purpose of this plan : To provide protection against the
occurrence of an isolated nonconformity that would initiate a
return to 100% inspection.
 It is indexed by AOQL.
 Having different combinations of i and f (Table 10-14).
 AOQL=2.90 I=59,f=1/15
 Sampling inspection of 1 out of every 15 continues after one
nonconformity is found. If a second nonconformity is found in
the next 59 sample units, 100% inspection is invoked. If a
second nonconformity does not occur, sampling continuous.
 MIL-STD-1235B
 Composed of 5 different continuous sampling plans.
 CSP-1, CSP-2,CSP-F,CSP-T, CSP-V
 Inspection by attributes, classified by severity: critical, major,
and minor.
 Indexed by AOQL and AQL.
 This standard has a special provision for critical
nonconformities (CSP-1 and CSP-F).
 The responsible authority (consumer) can require 100%
inspection.
 Sampling plans are designed by code letter.
 Factors influencing selection of code letter:
 Inspection time per unit of product, production rate, and
proximity to other inspection station.
 Table 10-15
 MIL-STD-1235B
CSP-1 and CSP-2
 CSP-1 and 2 Dodge’s plans are included into the standard in
a different form.
MIL-STD-1235B
CSP-F
 It is a single-level continuous sampling procedure that
provides for alternating sequences of 100% inspection and
sampling inspection.
 The procedure is sama as CSP-1.
 Indexed by AOQL and by amount of product manufactured in
a production interval.
 Allow smaller clearance numbers to be used  permits this
plan to be applied for short production-run situations or time-
consuming inspection operation.
 There are 12 tables in this plans; each table represents a
different AOQL value.
 Example: AOQL=0.33%(Table10-16).
 MIL-STD-1235B
CSP-T
 Multilevel continuous sampling procedure that provides for
alternate sequences of 100% inspection and sampling
inspection.
 The different between this plan and previous plans: It
provides for a reduced sampling frequency upon
demonstration of superior product quality.
 Sampling procedure.
 Inspector inspects 100% of the units
When i consecutive units are found free of
nonconformities concerned

Inspector inspects is released from 100% inspection.

Sampling inspector inspects a fraction, f, of the units.
Sample units are selected in a random manner.

If Sampling Inspector finds 1 of If Sampling Inspector finds i consecutive sample

the nonconformities concerned Units are free of the nonconformities concerned

Inspector inspects is released from 100% inspection.

Sampling inspector inspects a fraction, f/2, of the units.
Sample units are selected in a random manner.

If Sampling Inspector finds 1 of If Sampling Inspector finds i consecutive sample

the nonconformities concerned Units are free of the nonconformities concerned
 Inspector inspects is released from 100% inspection.
Sampling inspector inspects a fraction, f/4, of the units.
Sample units are selected in a random manner.

If Sampling Inspector finds 1 of

the nonconformities concerned
 MIL-STD-1235B
CSP-V
 Single-level continuous sampling procedure.
 A return to100% inspection is required when a
nonconformity is discovered during the inspection of the
first i sample units.
 Once the initial I sample units have passed and a
nonconformity occurs, a return to 100% inspection is
required; however, the clearance number,i, is reduced by
2/3. [if the original I value is 39 from CSP-T, the clearance
number, i, is reduced to 13.]
 Advantage: beneficially applied in those situation occurs
where is no advantage to reducing the sampling frequency,
f. This happens when inspection personnel cannot assign
to other duties.
 Inspector inspects 100% Inspector inspects 100% of the units
of the units

If Sampling Inspector
When i consecutive units are
If Sampling Inspector finds 1/3 i consecutive
found free of
finds 1 of sample
nonconformities concerned
the nonconformities Units are free of
concerned the nonconformities
concerned

Inspector inspects is released from 100% inspection.

Sampling inspector inspects a fraction, f, of the units.
Sample units are selected in a random manner.
If Sampling Inspector If Sampling Inspector
finds 1 of finds i consecutive sample
the nonconformities Units are free of the
concerned nonconformities concerned

Sampling inspector continues inspecting a fraction, f, of the units.

Sample units are selected in a random manner.
If Sampling Inspector finds 1 of
the nonconformities concerned
End