CONDITIONS OF

ECOSYSTEM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this chapter, you will learn :

1. The students will identify and describe ecosystems
and its importance.
2. The students will identify abiotic and biotic factors
that work together in an ecosystem
REVIEW
Levels of
Organization
REVIEW

Ecosyst
em

Small Large

Tropical
Garden Soil pond Ocean rain desert
forest
REVIEW

Ecosyst
em

Natural Artificial

Rock
Grassla
Forest Seashor Zoo Garden desert
nd
e
There are many kinds of ecosystems on earth. CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Each ecosystem has different kinds of
organisms. This is because the conditions
of each ecosystem are different.
For example :
tropical rainforests are hot and wet
whereas desert are hot but dry.

Tundra ecosystem Desert ecosystem

Tropical Rainforest ecosystem

 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Organisms are affected by the conditions
of an ecosystem. Only organisms that are
adapted for the characteristics of an
ecosystem can survive there.
What conditions (or factors) affect the
survival of an organism in an ecosystem?

What conditions (or factors)

affect the survival of an
organism in an ecosystem?
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
The factors include :
light temperature water

air food soil

Other
organisms

Oh I see..Then, How does conditions

(or factors) affect the survival of an
organism in an ecosystem?
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Ok. Let me explain it one by one.
Light
In a tropical rain forest, trees block
sunlight from reaching the ground.
Plants, such as ferns (tumbuhan paku),
that live on the ground have large
leaves to catch as much sunlight as
possible

Ferns has large leaves Another kind of ferns in Tropical Rainforest

 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Light
Gardens have many flowering plants. These plants need a lot of
sunlight to make food during photosynthesis. The sunlight also
allows bees and other insects to find flower.

A bee on a mimosa plant

Garden ecosystem
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Light
The water lily lives in ponds. To get enough sunlight to survive, the
water lily has large leaves that float on the water.

The water lily has large

Garden ecosystem leaves
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Temperature
Tropical rain forests are very warm. Many plants are found
there as plants grow well in warm conditions. Reptiles, such as
crocodiles, lizards and snakes live in tropical rain forests where it
is warm. Reptiles need heat from the Sun to get the energy
they need to be active. They cannot survive in cold places.

Reptiles keeping warm under the sunlight

 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Temperature
In Rocky seashore ecosystems, the Sun can dry up organisms at
low tide. To prevent from drying up, organisms live under stones,
in cracks between rocks and on the shaded sides of rocks.

The tide is the

rise and fall of
the sea

Seaweed in rocks
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Water
All living things need water to
survive. Habitats that get a lot of
rain usually, such as tropical
rain forests, contain a great
diversity of life.
In dry places, such as deserts, Fewer living things
there is less life. Only organisms live in a desert
that need little water to survive
are found there.
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Water
In tropical rain forests, many living things live close
to streams and rivers. For example, frogs lay eggs in the
water. The tadpoles that hatch, grow and feed in the
water.
Other living things also live near in water habitats. Fish
live in water. To breathe in water, they have gills. To
move, they have fins and a tail.

Frogs live close to Fish has gills to

water breathe
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Water
On a Rocky seashore, waves can wash away animals.
However, they are adapted to survive these conditions.
Crabs have strong claws to hold onto rocks. Limpets
have “suckers” which hold tightly to rocks. Starfish have
a flat shape that allows water to flow over them easily.
I have webbed feet
to help me move in I (Limpet) has “suckers”
water and walk on wet which help me to hold
sand without sinking tightly to rocks.
into the sand

Webbed feet
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Air
All living things, whether they live on land or
in water, need air to survive.
Animals need oxygen to breathe.
Plants need carbon dioxide to make
food.
In a pond, rocky seashore or other water
habitats, most plants and animals get the
oxygen and carbon dioxide they need from
air dissolved in water.
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Food
All living things need food. Most plants make
food by photosynthesis. Animals get food
by eating plants or other animals.
For example, in a tropical rain forest,
chimpanzees get food by eating fruits, leaves
and seeds from trees. In a rocky seashore,
crabs eat shrimps. And animals can only
survive in a garden if there is food.

chimpanzees is eating fruits Crab eats A garden spider eating a be

 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Soil
Soil is important for plant growth. Plants get
water & mineral from soil. The soil in garden is
usually loam. Loam contain a lot of humus and
minerals and is good for growing plants.
Humus is material in
the soil that has
decomposed. Humus
gives soil its brown
color that you see
Decomposed = (with reference to a
dead body or other organic matter) make
or become rotten; decay or cause to
decay.
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Soil
Soil in tropical rain forest is often poor with few
minerals for plants. Pitcher plants and venus
flytraps get the substances they need by catching
and digesting small insects.

Pitcher plant Venus flytrap

plant
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Other organisms
As you have learnt earlier, organisms in an
ecosystem depend on each other to survive. For
example, in a tropical rainforest, a stick insect
uses camouflage to protect itself from other
organisms that want to eat it,

This leaf insect is

difficult for
predator to see it
 CONDITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Other organisms
In a garden, trees provide a place for birds to
reproduce and look after their young. Without the
trees, the birds could not live there.

The nest of birds in

a garden
WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT TODAY
1) Each ecosystem has conditions (or factors) that affect
the survival of an organism living in it.
2)The conditions (factor) include other organisms and non-
living factors such as light, temperature, water, air,
food and soil.