SAMPLING SELECTION

METHOD- PROBABILITY
&NON- PROBABILITY

Presented by-
Anjeena Shrestha BBA-B&F
Konika Dagar BBA-Gen
Priya Yadav BBA-B&F
 SAMPLING
• Sampling is the group of people who take part in
the investigation.
• In simple words, it is the process of selecting
units i.e. people, organization.
• The well-specified group is known as population
or universe and the selected numbers of the
persons or object is known as sample.
 TYPES OF SAMPLING
Most sampling method can be categorised in two-
1. Probability sampling method-
 It clearly specify the probability of inclusion of
each element or individual in sampling.
 It provides valid and credible results
 The positive point of probability sampling is
that the obtained samples are considered as
representative and hence those samples are
worth generalization.
Technically, the probability sampling methods must
satisfy the conditions below-
 The size of the parent population from which the
sample is to be taken, must be known to the
investigator.
 Each individual or element must have an equal
chance of being included in a subsequent sample.
 The desired sample size must be clearly specified.
The major probability sampling methods are the following-
 Simple random sampling-
– It is also known as unrestricted random sample.
– It is as one in which each and every individual of the
population has an equal chance of being included.
– A sample is prepared on the basis of simple random as
the representative of the population which bit has been
drawn because population have equal and
independence chance of being included in sample.
– It is easiest and simplest technique.
• For example- if we are to select a sample of 10 students
from the seventh grade consisting of 40 students, we can
write their names on separate slips of paper-all equal size
then fold it and reshuffled thoroughly and asked a
blindfolded person to pick up one slip.
 Stratified random sampling
– Firstly, the population is divided into two or more strata,
which maybe based upon a single criterion such as
gender, yielding two strata – male & female or
combination of two or more criteria such as gender and
graduation of four strata, namely male undergraduates/
graduates, female undergraduates/ graduates.
– It tends to increase the ability in estimating the
attributes of the population.
3. Systematic sampling-
- It maybe defined as drawing or selecting every nth
person from a predetermined list of the elements.
- likewise, drawing every 8th name from a telephone
directory is an example.
- Quick method of obtaining sample, easy to check
and use.
- It is very easy to check whether every nth number or
person has been selected.
4. Area or Cluster Sampling-
- It has its origin in field of agriculture.
- Farming experiments that were conducted to determine
the effects of various kinds of fertilizers, soil treatments.
- In area sampling, generally geographical divisions of
territory, community, neighbourhood, cities, states, etc.
are made on map.
- The investigator or interviewer proceeds to interview all
elements of the randomly drawn areas or clusters so it is
known as cluster sampling.
- Large scale surveys of political, religious and social
behaviour are easily conducted.
 Public opinion polls are easily and smoothly
conducted using it.
 Where somehow list of specific individuals are
unobtainable area sampling becomes the best method
of sampling.
Suppose the investigator wants to assess the attitude of
people of Tamil nadu towards family planning. For this,
it will be convenient for the investigator to have the map
of tamil nadu before him and then have divide it into
various section according to a vertical and horizontal
grid lines drawn across the total area. He will then
number each section from 1 to N, N being equal to the
total number of sections.
2. Non probability sampling-
 It is one of the method in which there is no way of
assessing the probability of the element or group of the
elements of the population.
 They are those that provide no basis for estimating
how closely the characteristics of a sample is
approximate the parameters of the population.
 They don’t use the techniques of random sampling.
The important techniques of non probability sampling
methods are-
1. Quota sampling-
 The investigator recognizes the different strata of
population and from each stratum he selects the number
of individuals.
 convenient and less costly.
Suppose, investigator knows that the population of the
individuals he is going to study has 3 strata in terms of
socio-economic status(SES)- high, middle, low. There are
1000 people in high SES, 7000 people in middle SES. 200
from low SES, according to his convenience (non random),
this constitute quota sample.
. 2. Judgemental sampling-
- It is based on typicality of the cases to be included.
- It is known as judgemental sampling because the
investigator on the basis of his impression makes a
judgement regarding the concerned cases.
- For studying attitudes any national issue, a sample of
journalists, teachers and legislators may be taken as
example of purposive samples as they can more
reasonably be expected to represent the correct
attitude than other classes of persons.

.
3. Snowball Sampling-
 It is defined as having all the persons in a group or
organisation identifying their friend who in turn identify
their friends and associates until the researcher observes
that a constellation of friendships converges into some
type of a definite social pattern.
 It is used for obtaining an impression of informal social
relation among individuals. In fact, the reality is that
sometimes the researcher seeks to study a hidden
population which is not easily identified as when he
deals with drug addicts, hardened criminals, etc.
THANK YOU