ʻAoʻao 430

7.1.2.2 Laminar, Huli, a me nā Kaʻi Holo. Manaʻo ʻia kahi kahe laminar i ka wā i ʻole nā ​manuahi ʻole o ka
manuahifl mauʻu ma kēlā me kēia manawa i ka fl ow fi hānau; pela, o kafl ua uidkauoha ʻia ka noi. ʻO nā
palapika kaifl owaia ma waena o nā kahawai pālua me ka hala ʻole ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka ulu ʻana o ka
palena palena laminar (see Figs. 7.1 a me 7.2),fl ua uidi nā mea kikoʻī ma ke kahawai ua loaʻa nā mea
ʻokoʻa a me v mea wikiwiki no kahi geometry 2D, me ka v o ka mea i kuleana no ka momentum a i ʻole e
hele ana i kahi e hele ana i loko o ka palena palena. I ka laminarfl ow, aia i nā mea kūlike ka mana ma
luna o nā pūʻali inersia. No ka laminar paʻafl ow, holocities ma ke kahua pan o ka fl ow fi hānau e noho
mau me ka mahalo i ka manawa, akā paha nā velocities ff Erent ma ff Erent nā koho ma nā fl ow fi
hānau. ^ E Ha yM. No nā laminar unsteadyfl ow, holocities ma ke kahua pan o ka fl ow fi hānaui ka
manawa hoʻi i hilinaʻi ʻia. Laminarfl ow, i kapa ʻia hoʻi i ka mea palaki a i ʻole ka streamline fl ow, e pili me
ka viscous fl ʻoʻakē, haahaa fl ow nā ʻōlima, a me / a iʻu liʻiliʻi paha fl ow mau pauku.

ʻIke ʻia ka kahe wai ʻole i ka wā o ka fl ua uidʻaʻole hele i nā lālā i kahi i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia; aka, eia
naeffi moʻokalaka i de fi nehaunaele i nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi:

•ʻOlua fl ows i ka hoʻokau i ka holo pono ʻole, i ka wā holo ʻole fl mauʻu(u0; v0; w0) i nā kuhikuhi a pau. I
ka haunaelefl ows, fl ua uid hele aku nā palani ma o ka neʻe ʻana fl ua uidlehulehu o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i kapa
ʻia nā manamana. ʻO ka palena o kēia mau meafl mauʻu hoʻāliʻi i ka haunaele mai ka laminar iho i
hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā oscillations, kahi maʻamau.

•ʻOlua fl owsi hale me nā hoʻolaha pālahalaha o nā nui. I ka paipu pulufl ow, hiki i ka laulā lōʻihi ka eddy
ke ana mai i kekahi mai a ke ana i ka diameter pipa. ʻO ka laulā o ka nui o ka eddy ka hopena o ka
hanauna o nā eddies nui, ko lākou hakakā ʻana i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā liʻiliʻi, a me kā lākou kaʻawale
hanana ʻana i nā pae liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia palapula pālahalaha pālahalaha e wehe i ka haunaele mai ka laminar-
unsteadiness kūmau-ʻo ka laminar unsteadiness e hana pinepine ana i nā pā (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaulike a
i ʻole nā ​mea kikoʻīpaʻa liʻiliʻi) me ka puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi eddy-size.

•He haunaele fl ow ia pū me ka hana nui nui ma muli o ka advective e aikiao na palapala lehulehu.
Hoʻopili i ke kāwili e hoʻoneʻe i ka wela a me ka pālapa i ka pākokoke loa ali? i o ka fl ow mea a ff ected (e
pili i ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka Papa 7.1).

Inā wīpī ʻia kahi kui o nā lau ʻeleʻele i loko o ka wai palū fl ow ma o ke aniani polūa, e hiki ke ʻike i kekahi
e hoʻohelele koke ʻia ke kala ma kahi āpau fl ow fi hānau. ^ E Ha yM. Pēlā, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka momi a me
ka ikehu e loli ai i nā mea nuifl ow hoʻonui ʻia i ke kuhikuhi ʻana me ka haunaele fl ow. ^ E Ha yM.

ʻO ka pālahalaha pālahalaha he ʻano multilayer ʻano. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kumu maʻalahi maʻalahi i nā papa
ʻelua, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Fig 7.3; ua kapa ʻia ka wahi kokoke i ka paiasublayer (mahea molika
di. usione hana i nā hana nui) a ua kapa ʻia ka ʻāina waho i kahi ʻano haunaele a i ʻole ka palena (kahi i
mana nui ai ke ʻano hui ʻana). Eia naʻe, molekidi. usion a me nā mea hoʻonaninani hoʻohui i ka mea i kau
ʻia ma ka fl ua uid Prandtlhelu, e like me ka mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai ma ka Papa 7.1 a kūkākūkā me kēia penei.
No nā mea hao wai, Pr <0:03, molekādi. usion a i ʻole hoʻohele ʻia i ka wela ma loko o ka fl ua uidi loko o
ka wahi turbul i mea nui he mea nui i ka hoʻohui kāwili. No laila, ke kahele ʻia ʻana o ka mea wela i ke ao
holoʻokoʻafl ow ʻāpana ʻāpana, a me ka hoʻoneʻe wela ce ffi cient ua liʻiliʻi ia i ka helu Reynolds ma mua o
ka ʻoi aʻe Prandtlhelu (Pr> 0: 5). No ke āpaufl ʻoʻakē me Pr> 0: 5, ma nā wahi waena kūpilikiʻi loa di.
usione pāʻani i kahi hana liʻiliʻi a ʻo ka mea hoʻoliʻwili ʻōwili ka lanakila. No kafl ʻoʻakē me 0 <Pr <5, ike ika
manaha