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1.mech Seal
1.mech Seal
SEALS
II -- TECHNICAL
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
ASPECTS
OF
OF MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL SEALS
SEALS
2
PUMPING
PUMPING SEALS
SEALS
PACKING
PACKING SEALS
SEALS --11
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL SEALS
SEALS --22
3
Packing
Packing seals
seals -1
4
PACKING
PACKING THROAT BUSH
LANTERN RING
WITHOUT
WITHOUT
PACKING
SLEEVE
SLEEVE
FOLLOWER
GLAND
Equipment
• Wear is
directly on shaft
5
PACKING
PACKING THROAT BUSH
LANTERN RING
WITH
WITH
PACKING
SLEEVE
SLEEVE
FOLLOWER
GLAND
SLEEEVE
Equipment
Wear is on *
the sleeve
6
Horizontal Surface wear Shaft wear
Equipment
8
Vertical surface wear Scarifying
elements
Equipment
9
Single
Singlemechanical
mechanicalseal
seal
Rotary Elements Stationary Element
Carbon ring -1
Snap Ring -2 Tungsten Carbide ring
O” Rings“ -3 Or
Silicon Carbide ring
Springs -4
Sleeve -5
Equipment
10
SINGLE IMPELLER PUMP
MECHANICAL SEAL
HANGED
HANGEDBEAM
BEAM
11 IMPELLER
IMPELLER
MULTI STAGE PUMP
MECHANICAL SEALS
IN-BETWEEN
IN-BETWEENTWO
TWO
12 BEARINGS IMPELLER
BEARINGS IMPELLER
Mechanical
Mechanical seal
seal and
and bearings
bearings arrangement
arrangement
oil
Equipment
13
14
Mechanical
seal
Mechanical
seal
Thrust
15
Bearing
Bellow
Bellow Type
Type Mechanical
Mechanical Seal
Seal
16
Bellow
Bellow Mechanical
Mechanical Seal
Seal
BELLOW
BELLOW BELLOW
18
Bellows Bellows
–Uniform uniform stress distribution
fatigue strength
19
Bellows
Bellows Benefits
Benefits
• For high temperature applications
>260°C/500°F
21
Split
Split Seals
Seals
22
Cartridge
Split Seal
23
Plant
Plant Operations
Operations
• Rotating equipment maintenance
costs can be about 20 % of the
total maintenance budget.
24
Split
Split Seals
Seals
• Benefits Over Mechanical Seals :
– No Dismantling of Equipment
– Fast maintenance / high equipment
availability
– Reduced man hours / improve productivity
– Reduced complexity
25
Split
Split Seals
Seals merits
merits
Production
Manpower
Maintenance Budget
Time
26
Rival
Rival Sealing
Sealing Technology
Technology
Mechanical seals
Are the dominant technology in many
industries.
Split Seals
-All the advantages of mechanical seals.
-Plus, they are easier and quicker to
27
Cost
Cost Benefit
Benefit Analysis
Analysis
28
Split
Split Seals
Seals
• Target Applications
– Shaft size greater than 3” / 76 mm
– Vertical pumps
– Side entry agitators
30
Balanced mechanical seal
32
PRESSURE P < STRESS S
FACE AND SEAT AREA EQUAL 100% BALANCE
A = Contacted P A
S
A
Surface area
S = Contacted
Surface stress
+P = Product
Spring pressure
F = Acting force
F=P*A F=S*A
S P*A = S*A
= % 100
P
33 P = S
HYDRAULIC BALANCE OF SEALS 50 % BALANCE
P P
P
A1 A 0.5 S
A = Contacted
A
Surface area
A1 = Projected area
of P
S =Contacted
Surface stress
+ P = Product
Spring pressure
F = Acting force
F = P * A1 F=S*A
P * A1 = S*A
S
34P
= % 50 S
=
A1
P A
HYDRAULIC BALANCE OF SEALS 75 % BALANCE
P S
A1 A 0.75 A
A = Contacted
Surface area
A1 = Projected area
of P
S =Contacted
Surface stress
+ P = Product
Spring pressure
F = Acting force
F = P * A1 F=S*A
P * A1 = S * A
S
P
= % 75
35
S
=
A1
P A
OPTIMUM HYDRAULIC BALANCE
% 52 = 100* 0.52 =
% 90 = 100* 0.9 =
% 80 = 100* 0.80 =
41
Quenching
Quenching
Flushing
Flushing
Circulation
Circulation
Ancillaries
Ancillaries
42
Quenching
Quenching
PREVENT
PREVENTPRODUCT
PRODUCTTO
TOBUILD
BUILDUP
UP
PRESSURE ONATMS.
PRESSUREON ATMS.SIDE
SIDE
1. Block Valve
2. Pressure Gauge PI L.P.
L.P.STEAM
STEAM OR
OR WATER
WATER
3. Check Valve
3
Plant Steam
“ IN " 0.1 - 0. 2 bar
“ OUT "
To Drain ATM
43
Flushing Quenching
ATMOSPHERE
44
Flushing
Flushing P1
Flushing liquid :
Flushing Liquid
T1
*Filtered Product
*Solvent
*Water
*Compatible liquid
BUT NOT
Gas
Pump product Flushing
FlushingLiquid
LiquidPressure
Pressure
Steam ==SStuffing
tuffingBox Pressure++ 11bar
BoxPressure bar min
min
45
Flush
Flushfluid
fluid Quench
Quenchfluid
fluid
46
Flush
Flushfluid
fluid Quench
Quenchfluid
fluid
47
• Quench
– low pressure (0.5 bar g)
– low flow (0.5 litres/minute)
– external to main seal
– no contamination
– no dilution
•Flush
–high pressure ( > 1.0 bar above seal pressure)
–injected into seal chamber
–cools pumped product
–dilutes pumped product.
48
Circulation
Circulation
CYCLONE
49
Heat control / removal
API Plan 21
50
Thermosyphon
Thermosyphon Cooling
Cooling
51
Circulating
Circulating Barrier
Barrier
liquid
liquid fluid
fluid
Quench
Quench
fluid
fluid
52
Multiple
Multiple
Seals
Seals
• Two common arrangements
- Tandem
- low pressure barrier fluid
- Double ( Back-to-Back )
- Pressurised barrier fluid
Barrier fluid is
at low
(atmospheric)
pressure.
Inboard Seal
Use API Plan 52
Product fluid
lubricates this
54 seal
Double seals: Back-to-back
Pressurised
barrier fluid
is circulated
barrier fluid
lubricates
both sets of
seal faces.
Use API Plan 53
55
Double seals: Face-to-face
Rotating
Mating Stationary
Ring seals
56
Tandem Seal
Product Barrier fluid
Circulation Circulation
Equipment
57
Tandem Seal PBF
PBF = 1 bar max
Barrier fluid
Product Barrier fluid
Circulation Circulation
Circulation
Pp
Equipment
58
Double Seal
Product Barrier fluid Flushing
Circulation Circulation Liquid
Equipment
59
Double Seal PBF
PBF = 1.1 Pp )Min(
Not less than ( 2+Pp ) bar Barrier
fluid
Circulation
Product Barrier fluid Flushing
Circulation Circulation Liquid
Pp
Equipment
60
BALANCING DRUM
Balancing
BALANCING LINE Pressure
Room
P1 P2 P3 P4
P4 P0
P0
P4 P0
P4 – P0 P4 – P0
61
Barrier
Barrier fluid
fluid Type
Type
0
to - 90 C Propanol 120 -
0
to - 30 CMethanol 90 -
0
to + 20 Kerosene
C or Hydraulic oil 30-
0
.to + 200 C L.G.O. or H.G.O 20 +
62
Ancillarie
Ancillarie
ss
Coolers for circulating liquids
IN-BETWEEN
IN-BETWEENTWO
TWO
64 BEARINGS IMPELLER
BEARINGS IMPELLER