Hofstede’s Framework for

Assessing Cultures
Presentation by:
Khadija Aman Khan (SP18-BSE-065)
Muhammad Abdul Moeed (SP18-BSE-074)
Muhammad Fahad Bin Khalid (SP18-BSE-079)
Zeeshan Ali Hamdani (SP18-BSE-060)
Haseeb Arif (SP18-BSE-087)
 Achievement and Nurture
Oriented Culture

“A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.”
Marcus Garvey
 What is achievement and nurturing orientation?
Achievement-Oriented
 Achievement-oriented cultures represent how much a civilization adapts to
assertiveness, acquisition of success and materialistic gain.
 Generally found more in masculine cultures.
Nurture-Oriented
 Nurturing-oriented cultures regard quality of life over the hunger for
achievements.
 Found more in feminine cultures.
 Promotes less assertion, high collaboration between people.
 Achievement-Oriented Vs Nurture
Oriented

 Achievement-oriented leadership leads to consistency in performance.

Whereas, nurturing leadership is focuses on work life balance.
 Nurturing leadership works upon consensus and collective decisive skills
whereas, in achievement oriented the manager or the leader serves as the
brain of their unit or department.
 Nurture orientation falls short in assertiveness as blending multiple thoughts
may lead to disagreements.
 Masculinity Comparison

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Masculinity
Power Distance
 What is Power Distance?
 Power Distance Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less powerful
members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and
expect that power is distributed unequally.
 It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as
much as by the leaders
 Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any
society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that
'all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others'
 High and Low Power Distance

HIGH Power Distance

 Less powerful members believe that Power is unequally divided
 There are class differences and inequalities in a High Power Distance societies

Low Power Distance

 Less powerful members believe that the Power isn’t unequally divided among
people
 There aren’t as many inequalities between people belonging to different
classes
Comparison
Long And Short Term Orientation
 Long vs Short term orientation

Long–Term Orientation
 Long-term orientation stands for fostering of virtues oriented towards
future goals
 They value persistence, self-discipline and openness to new ideas.

Short-Term Orientation
 Short-term orientation stands for fostering of virtues related to present
and past
 They value respect for tradition, current social hierarchy and personal
freedom
 Long-Term orientation Comparison

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Individualist And Collectivist
 Individualist and Collectivist
 Individualism stresses individual goals and the rights of the
individual person.
 They are motivated by personal rewards and benefits. They
feel very comfortable when working alone.
 Collectivism focuses on group goals, what is best for the group
.
 They are motivated by group goals. They would sacrifice their
own interests and honor the team’s success.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Individualist
 It respects employees rights and allows them to be truly be
themselves.
 Employees are less stressful, since they don’t care about
anybody.
 They can be very successful if they just think about their
selves.

 Resistance to cooperation can result in inferior products or

services if employees are not working together.
 Powerful opinions can lead to clashes with managers or
colleagues.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Collectivist
 In Collectivist society, employees are more stable due to
everyone looking out for the group.
 Employees working together can achieve goals very efficiently
and effectively.
 Less conflicts as employees think it would disrupt the harmony
of the group.

 Some employees tend to be lazy if there are too many group

members.
 Individualism Comparison
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Individualism

China Pakistan United States

 Uncertainty Avoidance
the degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with
uncertainty and ambiguity
High uncertainty avoidance
 the desire for and implementation of both formal and informal governing structures
like laws
 strategies for risk management or avoidance are utilized throughout the culture
 children are taught in a structured manner
 conservative and resistant to the introduction of new ideas and concepts

Low uncertainty avoidance

 greater degree of comfort with ambiguity
 risk and risk-taking are viewed as acceptable means for obtaining greater gains in all
areas of life
 children are taught in a less-structured, open-ended manner
 open to new ideas and concepts
 How does this affect workplace conditions?
High Uncertainty Avoidance
 Employees tend to stay with one employer for a long period of time
 Traditional gender roles
 Job roles often require a very high level of expertise
 Projects are carefully planned
 Many rules, laws and regulations in place

Low Uncertainty Avoidance

 People more open to innovation and change
 Increased willingness to take risks
 People approach projects from different angles
 Flexible rules and informal activities
 Conclusion
 I believe a society should be low power distance oriented because it allows
every individual to be expressive without any discrimination.
 A culture should be more comfortable with uncertainty (meaning they
should have a low uncertainty avoidance) because it allows people bring
out creative ideas that are not limited by strict rules and regulations.
 With regards to workplace environment, achievement oriented nature
suffices with the organizational goals. With such nature, the employees
know their goals and there is deviation from it.
 A society should possess long term orientation because it allows people to
think about future goals and drives them to achieve their goals.
Thank You.