ECONOMIC

Prepared By: Lamagon, Jenifer

Bennoc
 OUTLINE
I. Poverty in the Philippines
II. Population and Related Issues
III.Cooperative on National Development
IV.Agrarian Reform on National
Development
POVERTY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Poverty has proven to be one of the most significant
challenges facing this country and its citizens. Filipinos
are having a hard time surviving in such difficult
conditions, and more and more are falling into
extreme poverty.
According to the Asian Development Bank, the
major causes of poverty include: low economic growth,
a weak agricultural sector, increased population rates
and a high volume of inequality. Because of these
factors, there are a lot of effects of poverty in the
Philippines that make it difficult for people to live in
such circumstances.
 EFFECT OF POVERTY

1. Inability to Afford Housing- With poverty plaguing the country

and employment opportunities being scarce, many Filipinos are unable to
afford housing, which puts them in danger of turning to the streets for
accommodation.
2. Malnutrition in the Philippines- Filipinos
are having to survive on very limited food

Feeding programs are being done in

several communities in the country.
Another are soup kitchens that can
be seen around the Metro. These
programs cater to the poor and
hungry citizens.
 3. Child Labor- parents often can’t make enough
money to support their families; children then have to
be taken out of school to work in harsh conditions.

-The Philippines launched a nationwide campaign against

intolerable practice of child labor. “The Batang Malaya: Child
labor free Philippines” is the country’s response for new
action towards the global deadline of ending the worst forms of
child labor by 2016.
4. Crime and Thievery- One of the overwhelming
reasons to steal is due to difficulties caused by poverty.
Without proper employment, people turn to stealing,
especially since family sizes are rather large, and there are a
lot of people to provide for. https://borgenproject.org/effects-of-poverty-in-the-
philippines/ - Foreigners arrested
for allegedly stealing
money who part of a
Romanian-based gang
that targeted the
Philippines due to its
weak security systems.
Uveges is married to a
Filipino woman in Cebu
City and has  two
children.
 CAU S ES A ND S OLU T IO N OF P OV E RT Y
P R OB LE M I N T H E P H IL IP P I N ES

1.Corruption- One way is to start from ourselves. Do not

sell your votes! Don’t exchange the future of the country
for just couple of hundreds of peso.
2.Lack Of Education- Miseducation. We have been
taught the wrong things. We’ve been taught to go to
school, get high grades, and we’ll become successful
someday. Apparently, this is not true. If we’ve been
taught the right things, unemployment rate in the
Philippines should be low. Also, why are there many
people who did not even graduate from universities yet
3. Lack of Discipline- Without discipline, you cannot attain
something significant Through discipline, plans are executed
properly, consistent, and organized to achieve whatever goals
that you want in your life.
4. Crab Mentality- instead of being happy for others who are
making progress and getting success in their fields, there are
many people get jealous.
5. OFW Thinking- OFWs are one of the factors why Philippine
economy is growing, This is sad because instead of looking for
investors, bring companies & industries inside the Philippines, it
seems like the government rather choose to send our fellow
Filipino kababayans abroad. https://powerpinoys.com/cause-solution-poverty-problem-
philippines/
 K E Y P R O G R A M S T O H E L P R E D U C E P OV E RT Y I N
THE PHILIPPINES

1.Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)

2.Jobs outside the agricultural dome
3.Providing birth control to the poor

The goal for the Philippine government is to create more jobs,

improve productivity, invest in health and nutrition while focusing on
reducing poverty. If the government is able to execute its plans
successfully, it is capable of reducing poverty in the Philippines by 13
to 15 percent by 2022. https://borgenproject.org/new-programs-to-reduce-poverty-in-the-
philippines/
POPULATION
The Commission on Population (ProComm)
estimate that there will be 108,885,096
Filipinos by December 31, 2019
ProComm cited PSA data showing a steady
decline in the number of births among
Filipinos in 2017, while the number of senior
citizens continuously increased over the
years.
ProComm said the number of senior citizens
or those aged 60 and above are expected to
increase by 8.2% in 2019 from around 7.5%
 THE ROLE OF POPULATION IN
ECONOMIC GROWTH
Population growth affects age structure of a country’s population,
international migration, economic inequality, and the size of a
country’s work force.
Economic growth in high-income countries is likely to be relatively
slow in coming years in part because population growth in these
countries is predicted to slow considerably (Baker, Delong, & Krugman, 2005). 
Economic growth is important for raising living standards around
the world and the role of population growth in the evolution of living
standards is a significant policy issue (Heady & Hodge, 2009).
In addition to the potential effects of population growth on economic
inequality, population and economic growth have significant impacts
on such controversial topics as international migration and global
resource use. 
 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS

The population density of the Philippines is high, but the

distribution of the population is uneven.
Parts of Metro Manila have a population density that is more than
100 times than of some outlying areas such as the mountainous
area of northern Luzon.
Especially since World War II, population has tended to move from
rural areas to towns and cities. There is a considerable amount of
Filipino emigration, particularly of manual laborers and
professionals. Many emigrants have gone to the United States,
Okinawa, Guam, and Canada; in addition, a large number of skilled
and semiskilled workers have taken temporary overseas
assignments, mainly in the Middle East and, increasingly, in East
and Southeast Asia.
 DEMOGRAPHICS DRIVE THE ECONOMY

The demographic problem that lies on the horizon is an increasing

number of retirees who, while no longer in the workforce, are
nonetheless expected to live longer lives. Unfortunately, the number of
new births seems to be too low to replace those retirees in the
workforce.
Economic growth depends on productivity gains and changes to the
number of people in the workforce.
Globally, working-age populations are beginning to fall, at times
dramatically, such as in Japan. The increasing cost of maintaining the
elderly population will fall onto those still in the labor force and put
strains on government-sponsored efforts like social security and
Medicare. 
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/012315/how-demographics-drive-economy.asp
 PH WORKFORCE IN 2019

The Philippine workforce is also expected to reach as much

as 70 million by next year.
By the end of 2019, ProComm said Filipinos of working age
will increase by 1.4 million to 70,121,863, while those
outside of the working age are expected to also go up by
363,043 to reach 38,482,360.
Still, the burden rests mostly on working Filipinos, because
18% of them are either unemployed or underemployed.
PopCom said single mothers “probably carry the heaviest
burden” because two-thirds of the work force are composed
of males.
 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY,
AND FISHING

The Philippines is largely an agricultural country.

Its economy is based on free enterprise; individuals
and nongovernmental entities are free to participate
in its development and management, sometimes with
the aid of government credit.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/Demographic-trends

Crops can be grown throughout the year in the country’s rich

and fertile soils, and the sector employs nearly one-third of the
total workforce. The principal farm products are:
1. Sugarcane 4. Banana

2. Rice 5. Corn

3. Coconut 6. Pineapple
 COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE

The main components of population change are;

1.Births
2.Deaths
3.Migration.
“Natural increase” is defined as the difference between live births and deaths. 
“Net migration” is defined as the difference between the number of people
moving into an area and the number of people moving out. 

For OFM’s annual population estimates, it is more permanent movement that is of

particular interest (i.e., not seasonal or temporary). Because it is difficult to
measure actual migration, demographers often estimate migration as a residual
value, by calculating the difference between total population change and natural
increase.
https://www.ofm.wa.gov/washington-data-research/population-demographics/population-estimates/components-population-change
COOPERATIVE ON
NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 CO O P ER ATIV E O N NATIONAL DEV ELOPMENT


 The ultimate test of good governance then is
to free every Filipino from the persistent
threats of hunger, disease, crime and
repression, environmental degradation and to
nurture in everyone the will, the drive and the
energy to dream and achieve the vision for a
just, humane, progressive, and secured
country.
The Cooperative Development Authority (CDA), pursuant to
its mandate as the lead agency for the promotion and
development of cooperatives and in consonance with its function
to formulate, adopt and implement integrated and
comprehensive plans and programs on cooperative development
consistent with the national policy on cooperatives and the
overall socio-economic development plans of the government,
initiated the formulation of the 2018-2022 Philippine Cooperative
Development Plan.
The plan is a result of multi-sectoral efforts. It highlights the
importance of developing mutually-empowering partnerships
focused on sustained efforts to address needs, problems and
poverty at its roots. It attempts to address not only the lack of
material resources or income, but also the absence of
capabilities, opportunities and power that will allow the
 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF A
COOPERATIVE
The basic principles of a cooperative, to which we subscribe, are:
Voluntary Membership
-Cooperatives are voluntary organizations open to persons willing to
accept the responsibilities of membership. The relationship can be
voluntarily ended at any time.
Democratic Member Control
-Cooperatives are democratic organizations controlled by their
members, who actively participate in setting policies and making
decisions. Members have equal voting rights (one member, one
vote).
Member Economic Participation
-Members contribute equitably to, and democratically control, the
Autonomy and Independence
-Cooperatives are autonomous, self-help organizations controlled
by their members.
Education, Training, and Information
-Cooperatives provide education and training for their members,
elected representatives, managers, and employees so they can
contribute effectively to the development of their cooperative.
Cooperation among Cooperatives
-Cooperatives often work together through local, national,
regional, and international entities.
Concern for Community
-While focusing on member needs, cooperatives work for the
sustainable development of their communities through policies
accepted by their memberships.
https://www.iwdc.coop/why-a-coop/basic-principles-of-a-cooperative
 PURPOSE OF COOPERATIVES

A cooperative may be organized and registered of any of

all the following purposes:
1.To encourage thrift and savings mobilization among the
members
2.To generate funds and extend credit to the members for
productive and provident purposes.
3.To encourage among members systematic production
and marketing
4.To provide goods and services and other requirements to
the members
 OBJECTIVE GOALS OF A
COOPERATIVE
The primary objectives of every cooperative is to help improve the
quality of life of its members. Towards this ends, the cooperative shall
aim to:
1. Provides goods and services to its members to enable them to
attain increased income, savings, investment, productivity and
purchasing power.
2. Provide optimum social and economic benefits to its members
3. Teach them efficient ways of doing things in a cooperative manner
4. Propagate cooperative practices and new ideas in business
5. Allow the lower income and less privileged groups to increase their
ownership in the wealth of the nation
6. Cooperate with the government, other cooperatives and people
AGRARIAN REFORM
ON NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Republic Act No. 6657             June 10, 1988
AN ACT INSTITUTING A COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM
PROGRAM TO PROMOTE SOCIAL JUSTICE AND INDUSTRIALIZATION,
PROVIDING THE MECHANISM FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
Section 3
Agrarian Reform means redistribution of lands, regardless of
crops or fruits produced, to farmers and regular farmworkers who
are landless, irrespective of tenurial arrangement, to include the
totality of factors and support services designed to lift the
economic status of the beneficiaries and all other arrangements
alternative to the physical redistribution of lands, such as
production or profit-sharing, labor administration, and the
distribution of shares of stocks, which will allow beneficiaries to
receive a just share of the fruits of the lands they work.
When Marcos was eventually toppled by the EDSA Revolution, Cory Aquino
replaced him as President. Aquino envisioned land reform as the centerpiece
of her social agenda; something that thousands of farmers took to heart as
they marched on Mendiola on January 1987.
The peaceful march, however, turned violent as police opened fire on the
farmers calling for land reform. Instead of soil, they received bullets. Twelve
farmers died while 19 more were injured in the Mendiola Massacre.
The aftermath galvanized the Aquino administration to railroad legislation on
agrarian reform. Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229
outlined Aquino’s land reform program, paving the way for Republic Act 6657
or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law.
This was the birth of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, which
aimed to put an end to the land reform question. Aquino’s class origins,
however, prevailed when CARP showed its glaring flaws, chief of which was
the provision that allows haciendas to restructure themselves as corporations
and give shares, known as the stock distribution option.
This is important to note, considering that Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino had a
large stake in Hacienda Luisita, a 6,453-hectare estate in Tarlac owned by the
Cojuangco clan. Equally important was that Luisita availed the stock
 AGRARIAN ECONOMY

An agrarian economy is rural rather than urban-based. It is

centered upon the production, consumption, trade, and sale
of agricultural commodities, including plants and livestock.
Example : Imagine you planted a garden in your back yard and
soon there are ripe tomatoes and peppers ready to be picked. You
realize you have a few options: You can keep the tomatoes and
peppers and eat them yourself, or you can sell them at the local
farmers' market. Or, if you turn your small garden into a large,
multi-acre farm, you could sell the product in a bigger market--
regional, national, or even international. These options represent
the main features of an agrarian economy. 
 AGRARIAN VS.
INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETY
An agrarian society is a society that depends on
agriculture as its primary means for support and
sustenance. Wealth comes from the land. 
Agrarian values see rural society as superior to
urban society, the independent farmer as superior to
the paid worker, and see farming as a way of life
that can shape the ideal social values.
The Agrarian model was the most common form of
socio-economic organization for most of recorded
human history.
 AGRARIAN VS.
INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETY
 Industrial society refers to a society driven by the use of
technology to enable mass production, supporting a large
population with a high capacity for division of labor. 
  Industrial society is characterized by the use of external energy
sources, such as fossil fuels, to increase the rate and scale of
production.
 The production of food is shifted to large commercial farms where
the products of industry, such as combine harvesters and fossil
fuel-based fertilizers, are used to decrease required human labor
while increasing production. No longer needed for the production
of food, excess labor is moved into factories where mechanization
is utilized to further increase efficiency.
https://accokeekfoundation.org/agriculture-and-farming/agrarian-vs-
industrial/