TIEMPOS VERBALES

Mag. Alexander Perdomo

 PRESENTE SIMPLE
 Se utiliza para expresar hechos y acciones habituales o cotidianas
 The children play basketball everyday
 He usually gets up very early
I read the newspaper every Sunday
 Situaciones permanentes
I have one brother . He lives in Paris
 Verdades generales
 The sun always rises
 The Sun heats the atmosphere
 The earth goes around the sun.
 TERMINACIONES PARA TERCERA PERSONA DEL SINGULAR
work – works talk – talks
read – reads suggest – suggests La S se le agrega a la mayoria de los verbos.

write – writes believe – believes

  sh....... wash – washes
Si el verbo utilizado acaba en -SS, -SH, -CH, -O, o -X, la terminación
ch...... catch – catches
de la tercera persona es -ES
ss.......discuss – discusses
x ........fax – faxes
o ...... do – does

 CONSONANT + Y: CRY – CRIES

Si el verbo utilizado acaba en consonante más -Y, la terminación de la
fly – flies
tercera persona se forma sustituyendo la -Y por una -IES
try – tries
Study – studies

VOWEL + -Y : Si el verbo utilizado acaba en vocal más -Y, nos limitamos a

play – plays añadir una -S al final
stay – stays pray – prays
 AFIRMACION
I      
YOU like hamburger. have lunch at do exercise every morning.
WE 12:00.
THEY
       
HE      
SHE likes hamburger. has lunch at 12:00. does exercise every morning
IT

 Mary speaks English every day.

 We watch TV every evening.
 My girlfriend writes a letter to me every week.
 Sally and Tom study grammar on Wednesdays.
 My father usually leaves home at 8 o’clock in the morning.
 NEGACION
I      
YOU don’t like hamburger. don’t have lunch at don’t do exercise every
12:00. morning.
WE
THEY

       
HE      
doesn’t like hamburger. doesn’t have lunch at doesn’t do exercise every
SHE 12:00 morning

IT
 EJEMPLOS
 Sam doesn’t know French.

 It doesn’t snow in Egypt.

 They don’t have breakfast every morning.

 I don’t get up early on Sundays.

 She doesn’t want to go to school this morning.

 My mother doesn’t watch football matches on TV.

 Mary and Jack don’t like ice cream.

 INTERROGACION
         
  I      
DO YOU like hamburger ? have lunch at 12:00 ? do exercise every morning ?
WE
THEY

         
       
HE like hamburger ? have lunch at 12:00 ? do exercise every morning ?
DOES SHE
IT
 
 EJEMPLOS
 Does Jane live in London? Yes, She does / No She doesn’t

 Do you watch Tv every evening? Yes, I do / No, I don’t

 Does your father read newspapers? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t

 Does your boyfriend call you every evening? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t

• What do you do when you are at a boring party?

• Why does he drive his car so fast at night?

• When does it snow in Manchester?

• Where do they go swimming?

 INDICADORES DE TIEMPO

 Every (day, morning ..) Everyday, Every Sunday, Every

summer.
 In the morning, afternoon.
 On Sunday, On Saturdays.
 Adverbs of frequency: Always, Sometimes, Often, Usually
Never, Rarely, seldom.
 Once, twice (a day, week..) Once a week. Twice a month
 PRESENTE CONTINUO
 El presente continuo se utiliza para hablar sobre algo que está pasando en el momento en el que
hablamos.
 Sam is working at the office right now.
 The children are playing in the garden at the moment.
 We are watching TV now.
 My father is drinking coffee right now.
 She is cooking lunch in the kitchen now.

 Para hablar sobre algo que está ocurriendo al mismo tiempo que hablamos
 You can’t go outside now. It is raining cats and dogs
 This project is good! Your essays are improving
 Usamos el presente continuo para hablar de algo que está ya decidido ( un plan seguro) que se
hará en el futuro próximo o cercano. Su uso indica que es bastante seguro que lo planificado
sucederá.
 I am going to the party tonight.
 I am going to London next week.
 My father‘s going to the doctor tomorrow
 ALWAYS + PRESENTE CONTINUO
 Este tiempo verbal también se utiliza para mostrar molestia cuando una acción o hecho se repite.
Normalmente, se usa el presente simple para acciones que se repiten. Por ejemplo, ‘He always
goes to school at 9, pero el presente continuo es la elección correcta cuando se
pretende mostrar molestia en una acción repetida. La palabra “always” (siempre) se utiliza con
cierto enfado.
 Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and
"verb+ing.“Indica que la acción es repetitiva e irrita a la persona que habla. (emoción
negativa)
 I hate my brother. He is always wearing my shirts
 My sister Susan is always putting on my clothes!
 She is always shouting at me
• They are always speaking loudly. 
• My brother is constantly talking on the phone. 
 TERMINACIONES - ING
END OF VERB ------- -ING FORM
  A consonant + -e ----------- Drop the –e and ADD –ing
  dance ----------- dancing
RULE 1: ride ----------- riding
take ----------- taking

  One vowel + One consonant ----------- Double the consonant and ADD – ing
  cut ----------- cutting
RULE 2: plan ----------- planning
run ----------- running
 
NOTE: Do not double w, y, and x
snow --------- snowing
fix --------- fixing
pay --------- paying

  Two vowels + One Consonant ---------- ADD –ing ; do not double the consonant
  keep --------- keeping
RULE 3: read --------- reading

  Two consonants -------- ADD –ing ; do not double the consonant sing---------
RULE 4: singing
wash ------ washing
 AFIRMACION
       
I am eating hamburger am having breakfast am playing football

       
HE
     
SHE is eating hamburger İs having breakfast is playing football
IT

       
YOU are eating hamburger are having breakfast are playing football
WE
THEY
 NEGACION
       
I am not eating hamburger am not having breakfast am not playing football

       
HE    
 is not eating hamburger İs not having breakfast is not playing football
SHE
IT

   
YOU
WE are not eating hamburger are not having breakfast are not playing football
THEY
 INTERROGACION
 Am  I   eating hamburger?  having breakfast?  playing football?

         
  He      
Is She eating hamburger? having breakfast? playing football?
It

         
  We      
Are You eating hamburger? having breakfast? playing football?
They
 INDICADORES DE TIEMPO
 Now
* Right now
 *At the Moment
 *At present
 *Still
 *Today
 *Tonight, tomorrow (expressing future)
 Next week
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS vs. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

 Simple present tense expresses the regularity of the activities. The

activities are general and permanent ones in the simple present tense.
On the other hand, Present Continuous tense is generally used to
express temporary events occuring at the moment of speaking.

(a)I usually watch TV in the evening.

(b)I am watching TV at the moment.

 PASADO SIMPLE
 Cuando queremos hablar de una acción que ocurrió en el pasado y terminó en el
pasado e indicamos el tiempo en el que ocurrió la acción
 I watched TV last night.
 The snow stopped a few minutes ago. Now the weather is nice.
 Linda came home very late last night.
 I traveled to Japan Last year.
 Hasan studied hard all year. He passed all his exams last week

 Se usa el pasado simple para un serie de acciones consecutivas en el pasado.

 I received the good news and immediately called my husband
 He studied for an hour in the morning, worked all afternoon and didn’t return home
until 10 at night
 AFIRMACION
     
 

I    
You    
played football studied English this went to the cinema last
He yesterday morning night
She
It
We
You
They
 NEGACION
  I    play football yesterday.
 
You
study English this morning.
He DID NOT
go to the cinema last night.
She
It DIDN’T
come to school yesterday.
We
You have breakfast this morning.
They
rain yesterday.
 INTERROGACION
   I   play football yesterday?
 
  you study English this morning?.

he go to the cinema last night?.

DID She sleep well last night?

ıt see the postman this morning?

We have a good time at the party

you yesterday?

they make your own dinner last

night?
 TERMINACIONES CON ED
END OF VERB ------- -ED FORM
  A consonant + -e ----------- ADD -d
 RULE 1: dance ----------- danced
erase ----------- erased
place ----------- placed

  One vowel + One consonant ----------- Double the consonant and ADD – ed
  plan ----------- planned
RULE 2: stop ------------ stopped

 NOTE: Do not double w and x

snow --------- snowed
fix --------- fixed

  Two vowels + One Consonant ---------- ADD -ed ; do not double the consonant
 RULE 3: rain --------- rained
need --------- needed

 
RULE 4: Two consonants -------- ADD –ed ; do not double the consonant help--------- helped
add ------ added
  Consonant + -y---------CHANGE –y TO –i, ADD –ed
RULE 5: Worry --------- worried
Reply --------- replied
  Vowel + -y -------- ADD –ed; DO NOT CHANGE -y TO –I
RULE 6:
play -------- played
stay --------- stayed
 INDICADORES DE TIEMPO

Yesterday
 last month, last Saturday, last night …..
 last year, last month, last week
 two weeks ago, one year ago…
 in 1999
 PASADO DEL VERBO TO BE
  POSITIVE SENTENCE   NEGATIVE SENTENCE   QUESTION SENTENCES

 I  I  I
He He
He
She was at home last She wasn’t at home last Was she at home last night?
night night
It
It It
 You were at home last  You weren’t at home last  Were you at home last night?
night. night.
We
We We They
They They
 PASADO CONTINUO
• El pasado continuo se utiliza para acciones que estaban pasando
en un momento específico en el pasado.
• She was driving to work at 8:00 a.m.
• The elevator wasn’t working after 6:00
• I was cooking at 5 o’clock yesterday
 What were you doing at 8 o'clock yesterday?
• Yesterday he was studying English
• John was playing tennis at 10 a.m
 AFIRMACION
I      
     
HE was eating was having breakfast was playing football
SHE hamburger

IT
     
YOU were eating were having breakfast were playing football
WE hamburger
THEY
 NEGACION
 I      
     
HE was not eating was not having was not playing
SHE hamburger breakfast football

IT Wasn´t

 YOU      
     
WE were not eating were not having were not playing
hamburger breakfast football
THE
Y Weren´t
 INTERROGACION
   I      
  He      
eating hamburger? having breakfast? playing football?
Was She

It

   We      
       
Were You eating hamburger? having breakfast? playing football?

They
 EJEMPLOS
 The children were playing in the garden at 9 o’clock in the
morning.
 We were watching TV at 7 o’ clock yesterday evening.
 Mom was cooking lunch in the kitchen
 Robert was not studying
 They were not listening to music.
 She was not writing a letter.
 Was Jane sleeping in her room?
 Were the students studying in the library?
 Was the boss speaking on the phone at that moment?
 DIFERENCIA ENTRE EL PASADO SIMPLE Y PASADO CONTINUO

 Past simple
 El pasado simple se refiere a una acción puntual que empezó y acabó en el pasado. Esto
significa que la acción ya ha finalizado.
 I worked last Saturday.
 He ate a sandwich for lunch.
 Past continuous
 El pasado continuo, se trata de una acción que se estaba desarrollando en un momento
determinado (duración determinada) del pasado pero no se indica si ya ha finalizado o
continúa.
 It was snowing at half past four yesterday.
 He was eating a sandwich for lunch
 El pasado continuo expresa la duración de una acción pasada y no indica si está terminada,
mientras que el pasado simple se refiere a una acción puntual que empezó y acabó en el
pasado.
 PASADO CONTINUO Y PASADO SIMPLE
 Una acción larga, y otra corta:
 I was living in New York when I met Kathy.
 They were working in the garden when it started raining.
 She was eating lunch when the phone rang.
 I was sleeping when she arrived.
 Many people were shopping in the market when the bomb exploded

 The boy was standing on the table when the principal came into the room
 PASADO SIMPLE – PASADO CONTINUO
 Pasado simple indica una acción corta que interrumpió otra larga que estaba en
proceso
 Normalmente cuando utilizamos when (cuando) y while (mientras) en inglés
hacemos una combinación de dos tiempos verbales: el pasado simple y
el pasado continuo. Esto ocurre porque mientras estamos expresando una
acción que estaba en progreso en el pasado, la acción se cruza con otra que en
cierta medida interrumpe a la primera, es decir, tienes que dejar de hacer lo
que estabas haciendo para atender a la nueva circunstancia. Por ejemplo:
  While I was watching TV someone knocked the door.
  I was walking home when I saw Steve.
 While we were watching tv, my parents went out for a pizza
 She was studying when her friend arrived
 WHEN - WHILE
 Como norma general utilizamos while con aquella acción que se encuentra en
progreso y utilizamos when con aquellas acciones que se cruzan o que
interrumpen a la acción que estaba en progreso. 
 La acción que estaba en progreso en el pasado siempre va a aparecer en pasado
continuo y la acción que se cruza o interrumpe va a aparecer en pasado
simple. 

 Utilizamos la estructura WHILE cuando estamos expresando dos acciones en

progreso en el pasado pero que ninguna interrumpe a la otra. Ambas ocurren a
la vez. Por ejemplo:
  While my brother was studying I was washing the dishes.
  I was washing the dishes while my brother was studying.
 WHEN – WHILE
 Utilizamos esta estructura cuando estamos expresando una acción en progreso en el
pasado y se cruza o interrumpe lo que alguien está haciendo otra acción. Por ejemplo:
 While my brother was wathing TV his smartphone rang.
 His smartphone rang while he was watching TV
 While I was eating lunch, the phone rang
 Nota: la oración de WHILE siempre va seguida de pasado continuo, y la siguiente
puede ir seguida de pasado continuo (si la acción ocurre al mismo tiempo) o en
pasado simple (si la acción se cruza).

 Utilizamos la estructura WHEN cuando una acción se cruza con otra que estaba en
progreso. Por ejemplo:
 When he arrived home I was sleeping.
 I was sleeping when he arrived home.
 FUTURO SIMPLE – WILL
 QUE ES ? El futuro simple en inglés indica un tiempo posterior al actual. Lo utilizamos
para hablar de acciones, hechos y certezas que tendrán lugar en un tiempo subsiguiente al
presente.
 1. Promesas
 Don’t worry! I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.
 Thank you for lending me the money. I will pay it back on Friday. I promise!
 I promise I will not tell him about the surprise birthday party.
 I will love you forever

 2. Expresar una predicción

 I think the weather will be better tomorrow.
 I think he will be a good doctor
 I think , she won´t go to the party
 It will be a great party. predecir un evento futuro
 It will rain in London, tomorrow
 FUTURO SIMPLE – WILL
 3. Decisiones espontáneas
I'm
 really hungry. I'll make some sandwiches.
These
 bags are so heavy!. I'll help you
 The phone is ringing. I'll get it.
 I'm tired. I'll go to bed

 5.
Peticiones
 Wil you help with this suitcase?
 Will you bring me the spoon ?
 Will you help me to wash the car?

 6. Expresar voluntad o disposición de hacer algo

 I will do the washing-up.
He will carry your bag for you.
 I will bring you another spoon

 7.  Hechos inevitables o ciertos en el futuro

 I will see you tomorrow.
 She will be next year
 The winner will get a gold medal
 AFIRMACION
 I    
   
YOU    
   
HE
will eat a hamburger ‘ll write a letter
SHE

IT

WE

YOU

THEY
 NEGACION
 I    
   
YOU    
   
HE will not eat a hamburger won’t write the letter.
SHE

IT

WE

YOU
THEY
 INTERROGACION
         
  I      
  you
He      
Will She  eat hamburger?  write a letter?  wash the car?
It
We
You
They
 FUTURO SIMPLE – GOING TO
1. Usamos "going to" para hablar sobre las cosas que hemos planeado
hacer en el futuro
I am going to go to the World Cup next month
I'm going to go fishing tomorrow.
She is going to play golf with me next weekend.
Paul and Mary are going to get married next year
My mother is going to call you as soon as she can 
The girls are going to eat at a Japanese restaurant this afternoon

2. Predicciones basadas en evidencias actuales

Look this car! It’s going to crash!
Look at that man, he is going to fall
 AFIRMACION
I      
am going to  
 
       
He      
is going to
She write a letter. wash the car.

It
We
 
You are going to

They
 NEGACION
I      
am not going to    
     
He    
is not going to    
She write a letter. wash the car.
It
We
 
You are not going to

They
 INTERROGACION
       
Am I      
     
   He      
       
Is She going to write a letter? wash the car?
It
   We
 
Are You

They
 WILL – GOING TO
 Ambas formas: Will y Going to se utilizan para expresar acciones futuras.
La diferencia entre ellas es el sentido de planificación y grado de probabilidad de que suceda
la acción.
 Will se utiliza para expresar una predicción, realizar una promesa, una sugerencia o para
dar órdenes o instrucciones
• Welcome to our Company. You willl start work at eight o’clock
• If you do that again, I will get angry 
• I think the weather will be better next week 
• Don’t phone now, they will be in bed
•  
 Se usa Going to para acciones con una probabilidad muy alta de que sucedan. Se emplea
para planes e intenciones, o para realizar predicciones basadas en evidencias actuales, según
lo que sabemos sobre la situación actual
• We are going to play football at 6 PM 
• I’m going to the University next year
 PRESENTE PERFECTO
 Es una acción que sucedió en el pasado, y aun guarda cierta importancia en el presente
 I’ve lost my keys. Have you seen them? (Impacto sobre el presente: ahora no tengo mis llaves.)
 Pedro’s broken his leg. He’s in the hospital. (Impacto sobre el presente: está en hospital ahora.)
 I’ve lived in this house for two years. (Empecé en pasado y sigo viviendo aquí.)
 I’ve had 3 cups of coffee today. (El día de hoy no ha terminado, y es posible que tome más café.)
 I’ve travelled a lot. I’ve been to almost 20 countries. (Experiencia en algún momento de mi vida,
sin decir cuándo.)
 Cuando se usa con for, o since el tiempo presente perfecto se refiere a una acción que comenzó en
el pasado y continúa hasta el presente
 have been here since 9 o’clock.
 They have been married for 25 years.
 I have had this old car for 10 years.
 I haven’t seen my uncle since 1990.
 Janet has been very busy with the new project for the last three months.
 I have liked science-fiction films ever since I was a child.
 AFIRMACION
      VERB PAST PARTICIPLE  VERB PAST PARTICIPLE -
HE   - IRREGULAR REGULAR

SHE has eaten has written the letter has washed the car
hamburger
IT

      VERB PAST PARTICIPLE  VERB PAST PARTICIPLE -

I   - IRREGULAR REGULAR

YOU have eaten  

hamburger have written the letter have washed the car
WE
THEY
 NEGACION
 HE      
     
SHE has not eaten has not written the has not washed the
hamburger letter car
IT
Hasn´t

 I      
     
YOU have not eaten have not written the have not washed
hamburger letter the car
WE
Haven´t
THEY
 INTERROGACION

  He      
       
Has She  
   
It eaten hamburger? written the letter? washed the car?

  We
 
Have You

They
 EJEMPLOS

 I have finished my work.

 They have moved to a new apartment.
 Jim has eaten lunch.
 I have seen that movie before.

 I have not seen Tom this morning.

 The student’s have not finished their homework.
 Maria has not washed the dishes
 The secretary hasn’t typed the letter yet.
 .
 Have you visited your uncle this week?
 Have you ever eaten Chinese food?
 Has Tim drunk any beer?
 Has she finished her work?
 SINCE

 Se utiliza para indicar el principio de un período de tiempo que sigue al presente. Como

tal, puede ser traducido como “desde” en español y se usa como un punto de tiempo
específico en el pasado. Como este período de tiempo sigue al presente, solemos utilizar
“since”
  9 o’clock.
  Friday. June
  1998
 
June 29, 1998
SINCE + the beginning of this
semester
I have been in this city Yesterday
last week
Since 6 am
Since Friday
Since March
Since 2000
Since 1450
Since I left school
Since you left
Since the beginning of time
 SINCE - EXAMPLES
 She has lived here since 1980.
We have taught at this school since 1965.
Alice has been married since March 2nd.
They have been at the hotel since last Tuesday.

  I have had this old car since 1990.

 Alex has not eaten anything since breakfast.

 Roger and I have known each other since last January.

 I have met so many people since I came to this town last year.

 I have lived in Spain since April 2010

 FOR
 For significa "desde hace" o "durante" y se usa con un período de tiempo
    ten minutes.
  three hours
  ten days
for about eight years
several weeks
I have been in this city many years
a long time years
For 5 minutes
For 2 days
For 5 weeks
For 7 months
For 3 years
For a long time
 FOR - EXAMPLES

 She has lived here for twenty years.

We have taught at this school for a long time.
Alice has been married forthree months.
They have been at the hotel for a week.

 Roger and I have known each other for a year.

 Tom has worked on this project for a long time.

 Jane has not worn her new blue jeans for five months.

 She has Known Sue for 2 years 

 I have worked in this company for 3 months