One Day 07 Electrical Student’s

Seminar On
“ELECTRICAL ENERGY
MANAGEMENT,ISSUES,CAUSES
AND POSSIBLE OPTIONS”
TO MINIMIZE THE ENERGY GAP

Presentation By
Engr. Muhammad Saleem Memon

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 1

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 2
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 Presentation Roadmap
• What is Management?
• What are issues of power industry?
• What are reasons of growing GAP?
• What is experience of developed
countries for similar issues?
• What consumers must do?
• What Government must do?
• Recommendations to government
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 3
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
• It Is Beyond Normal Situation,
When Supply Is Less Than
Demand, Management STARTS,
Upper Limit Is To Maintain Supply
Always Greater Than Maximum
Demand.
• Normally Supply Must Always Be
Equal To 1.5 or 2 Times Maximum
Demand.
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 4
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 5
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 6
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 7
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 8
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 CUREENT ENERGY GAP
• THE ENERGY GAP between firm supply and
peak demand is estimated at 5,529 MW by the
year 2009-10 when firm electricity supply will
stand at 15,055 MW against peak demand of
20,584 MW.
Chairman WAPDA Tariq Hamid at a Press
conference warned about the possible severe
energy crisis and stressed the need for
‘quantum jump’ in power generation. The
experts say it could only be possible through
a mega project of hydropower generation,
otherwise the gap between firm supply and
peak demand will remain on the rise.

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 9

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 FIVE BASIC RULES OF ENERGY
MANAGEMENT ADOPTED BY
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Procure all the energy based needs at the
optimum cost (Example: buy from original sources,
review the purchase terms regularly)

Minimize consumption with most efficient devices

(Example: improving energy use efficiency at every
stage of energy chain)

Reusing and recycling energy by cascading (Example:

waste heat recovery
Always use most latest version of eco friendly devices

Minimize over all losses. ADOPT RECYCLING

as sources of energy and reducing the value
of energy required per item produced.
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 10
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 ISSUES IN PAKISTAN
 EVER GROWING ENERGY GAP since last decade

 Lake of professional working, say irresponsible

behavior top to bottom level of power industry

 It is because reward / punishment does not exists any

where at any level of power sector

 Constant Delay Towards Capacity Addition AS PER

Demand Growth Rate Of approx 8 To 11 % Per Annum

 UN-AVAILABILITY OF R&D SECTION IN UTILITIES , no

post project evaluation reports are uploaded.

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 11

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 12
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 Status of Proposed Projects
Capacit Planed
y Commissioning Present Status/Expected
Name of Project (MW) Date completion Date
Hydel      
Just Ground Breaking
Basha Dam, NWFP 3360 Dec- 2012 (2017)
Allai Khwar, NWFP 122 June 2006 Oct- 2011
Khan Khwar, NWFP 72 June 2006 Feb- 2010
Duber Khwar, NWFP 130 June 2006 Oct- 2010
Jinnah, Mianwali 96 Dec- 2005 Feb- 2010
Neelum Jhelum, AJ&K 969 June 2010 Dec- 2017
Golan Gol, NWFP 106 June 2006 Just Feasibility is completed
Other      
Chashma II, Punjab 300 Dec- 2009 2010
Korangi Thermal Power
Station
(KESC), Sindh 360 Dec. 2006 No Data Available

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 13

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 Costs of Electricity Production in Newly
Constructed Power Plants in 2010

Energy source Costs (€ct/kWh)

Nuclear Energy 10.70 – 12.40

Brown Coal 8.80 –   9.70
Black Coal 10.40 – 10.70
Domestic Gas 10.60 – 11.80
Wind Energy Onshore 4.97 –   9.61
Wind Energy Offshore 3.50 – 15.00
Hydropower 3.47 – 12.67
Biomass 7.71 – 11.55
Solar Electricity 28.43 – 39.14

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 14

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 Capital Cost 4 Nuclear , Coal, and
Hydro Power Plants
• In Pakistan Nuclear power is expensive
• As US$ 1.7 billion is required for a 300 M
We Nuclear plant while a 1000 M We Hydro
is built with US$ 2.16 billion (source:
Wikipedia/WAPDA)

• Hydro Project has agriculture benefits also

• Carbon credits and CDM support Hydro
financing
• …

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 15

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 GENERATION COST COMPOSITION

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 16

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 GENERAL SITUATION EVERY
WHERE IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 17

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 Pakistan Power Sector Structure
NEPRA

PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR

Ministry of Pakistan Atomic

KESC IPPs
Water & Power Energy Commission

WAPDA PEPCO PPIB CHASNUPP KANUPP

Mega Water GENCOs DISCOs NTDC

Dams Projects
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 18
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 EVERY ONE MUST FUNCTION WITHIN
HIS PRE DEFINED LINES / RULES

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 19

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 ADDITION OF RENEWABLE
SOURCES ON URGENT BASIS

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 20

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 MANAGNEMENT STARTS FROM
EACH END USER from EARLY AGE

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 21

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 SUSTAINABLE HOME CRITERIA

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 22

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 ABOUT OUR SWEET HOME
SUSTAINABLE NEEDS

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 23

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 WHAT WE CAN DO FOR GAP?

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 24

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 Optimum Use of DAY LIGHT And
Consumption Trends
• More daylight hours are obtained during
the afternoon period while less daylight
hours are obtained during early morning
period.
• Save the electricity used for illumination
• But it increases the electricity used for
heating and cooling systems
• Researchers agree that later effect is
larger than former and results in overall
increase in electricity consumption.

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 25

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 Energy Management Strategy

• Energy management should be seen as a

continuous process. Strategies should be
reviewed annually and revised as necessary.
• The key activities involved in the process are
outlined below:
1. Identify a Strategic Corporate Approach
2. Appoint Energy Manager
3. Set up an Energy Monitoring and Reporting
System
4. Conduct Energy Audit
5. Formalize an Energy Management Policy
Statement

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 26

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 ROADMAP 4 DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES AS PER
GLOBAL REQUIREMENTS
– All Developed Countries Are Strictly
Implementing Energy Management Plans
In Due Time
– Plans Must Be Workable, Acceptable To
All Stakholders,beneficial For National
Economy
– Timeline For Each Activity
responsibilities Must Be Decided Before
Start Of Work
– Annual Report Of Each sector Must Be
Available Online as open document

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 27

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 Options to Reduce Energy GAP
• For short and medium term generation
addition FROM Coal and Hydro power
projects should be on top priority
• Share in Generation, from Coal it
should be increased (minimum) 50% of
max demand targeted up to Year 2050
• Nuclear Power target of 8,800 M We up
to 2030 is not feasible as it will be
almost 13% of total capacity
• Even in US Nuclear share is almost
10% while being the largest Nuclear
power producer in world

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 28

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 OPTIONS CONTD…
• By one estimate of Pakistan’s private energy
systems’ thermal efficiency in energy
generation tends to be around 32-35 percent
when the global average is around 54 percent.
We could thus have a 60 percent improvement
in energy generation by simply switching to
newer production technologies. Distribution
losses in these systems tend to be around 23
percent, whereas the technical losses should
be no more than 13 percent. By this estimate,
Pakistan could increase its energy availability
by a staggering 80 percent simply through
more efficient distribution systems that could
be updated at a fraction of the cost of mega-
energy generation projects being proposed.

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 29

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 WHAT GOP SHOULD PROVIDE?
• Government of Pakistan Needs To
Review / Update Energy policy.
Updated data including before,
during and after implementation
must be uploaded On Regular
Basis For users to let them know
about achievement details timely

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 30

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 WHAT GOP SHOULD PROVIDE?
• Pakistan has tremendous potential for
having a sustainable energy policy, if
appropriate planning measures are put
in ACTION. However, the current
development trajectory that the
government is pursuing CAUSES
serious ecological concerns, which
inevitably translate into UN
SUSTAINABLE development in the
long-term.

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 31

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 WHAT GOP SHOULD PROVIDE?
• The first step towards an environmentally conscious
energy policy would be to have a nationwide audit of
current inefficiencies in the generation and distribution
system for power. This must be followed by appropriate
pricing and compliance enforcement to prevent losses
and perverse incentives for wastage of energy. Once
these conservation matters have been addressed, the
remaining shortfalls should first be met with plans for
expansion of renewable sources, primarily wind, solar,
biomass and small-scale hydroelectric. Large
hydroelectric generation projects should only be
considered after the guidelines enunciated by the
World Commission on Dams have been followed, rather
than hastily pushing forward such projects under the
banner of national pride or patriotism.

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 32

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 CITATION LIST
• www.eia.usa.com
• www.energystar.com
• www.dailytimes.com
• www.wapda.com
• And many other similar energy
sector related web sites were cited

6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 33

ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
6th April 2010 PRESENTED BY ENGR M SALIM MEMON 34
ORGANIZED BY
DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING