WATER LOGGING

AND
SALINITY
WATER LOGGING & ITS CONTROL

Water Logging:

If water table rise to such a level through

capillary action to the surface & root
zone, that it cannot conveniently permit
an anticipated activity this situation is
called WATER LOGGING
 Causes of Water Logging
• Inadequate surface Drainage
• Seepage from canal system
• Over irrigation of fields
• Obstruction of natural drainage
• Impermeable clay layer below the soil
• Obliteration of natural drainage
• Inadequate capacity for arterial drainage
• Construction of a water reservoir
• Natural obstruction to the flow of
groundwater
 Effect of Water Logging

Inhabiting activity of soil bacteria.

 Decrease in available capillary water
Fall in soil temperature
Defective air circulation
 Rise of salt
 Delay in cultivation operations
 Growth of flora
 Adverse effects on community health
 Less availability of oxygen
 
Measures to Control Water Logging
Preventive measures and Curative measures

Preventive measures

Providing efficient surface Drainage.

 Reducing percolation from canals.
 Restriction of irrigation.
 Adoption of sprinkler method for irrigation
 Removing obstructions in natural drainage.
 Changes in crop pattern.
Re-modeling of Surface
Drains Canal Lining
 Curative Measures

Providing a vertical drainage system

 SALINITY & ITS CONTROL

Salinity

If the concentration of harmful

salts in the root zone of a plant
increases to such on extent that plant
growth is effected, this situation is
called Salinity.
 Causes of Salinity
 The factors contributing towards the problem of
salinity are almost same as that of water logging.

 Every agricultural soil has certain mineral salt is also

called alkali salts in it like NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2 SO4 etc.

 When these soluble alkali salts are excess in soil and

further ground water table is very near to ground,
these salts get mixed with ground water and with
upward movement of   water not only accumulated in
first 3~4ft of soil layer below ground surface but also
form a tin 2”~3” crust on surface.
 Effects of Salinity

 Corrosive Action to Plants.

 Formation of Alkali Soil.

Preventive Measures

Controlled Irrigation.
 Providing adequate surface drainage.
 Allowing lower intensity of irrigation.
 Reducing surface evaporation.
 Not using alkaline water for irrigation purpose.
Curative Measures

•Treatment by Leaching Process

Leaching is the process of extracting minerals from

a solid by dissolving them in a liquid, either in nature
or through an industrial process. In the
chemical processing industry, leaching has a variety of
commercial applications, including separation of metal
from ore using acid, and sugar from beets using hot
water
•Chemical Treatment

Mixing gypsum CaSO4 (@ 1 ton/acre) with salt effected

soil in presence of water.

•Treatment by Mulching

Mulch is simply a protective layer of a material that is

spread on top of the soil. Mulches can either be organic --
such as grass clippings, straw, bark chips, and similar
materials -- or inorganic -- such as stones, brick chips,
and plastic
It involves covering the effected land with a covering
of soil (Mulch) to reduce evaporation losses.