33/11 KV substation

HPSEBL
 SUBSTATION
What is a substation?
What does it do?
How does it work?
Substation
An assembly of apparatus installed to control
transmission and distribution of electric
power.

A) Primary power lines B) secondary power lines

1)Primary power lines 7) current transformer

2) Ground wire 8) lightning arrester

3) Overhead lines 9) main transformer
4)Transformer for measurement of electrical voltage 10) control building
5) Disconnect switch 11) security fence
6) Circuit breaker 12) secondary power lines
 What does a substation do?
• Electricity is made at a very high, powerful
voltage. A substation safely changes the
electricity from very high voltage to lower
voltage we can use.
How does it work?

Transformers ‘step down’ the

electricity from the high
voltage needed to
economically transmit the
electricity.
 Components of substation
BUS BAR

CIRCUIT BREAKER
Conductors
Current transformersTRANSFORMER
Potential transformers
Power transformers LIGHTNING ARRESTER
Capacitive voltage transformer
Line isolators RELAY
Bus isolators
Lightning arresters
Capacitor bank
Circuit breakers
 BUS BAR
The conductor carrying current and having
multiple numbers of incoming and outgoing line
connections can be called as bus bar, which is
commonly used in substations. These are
classified into different types like single bus,
double bus and ring bus.
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
For the protection of substation and its
components from the over currents or
over load due to short circuit or any other
fault the faulty section is disconnected
from the healthy section either manually
or automatically. If once the fault is
rectified, then again the original circuit
can be rebuilt by manually or
automatically
POWER TRANSFORMER
For stepping up or down the system voltage, power transformer are used in the
substations. At generating end, the voltage is only stepped up for transmission of
power while at all the subsequent substations the voltage is gradually stepped down
to reach finally to working voltage level.
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
A lightning arrester is a device used on
electrical power systems to protect the
insulation on the system from the damaging
effect of lightning.
RELAY
A relay is a device which detect fault.
Fault is detected after the command is given to the circuit breaker.
It is used to provide safety in electric equipments.