STEM

plumule
External Morphology of the Stem

DICOT MONOCOT
Shoot Apex Organization
Anatomy: Primary Structures: Monocot
Anatomy: Primary Structures: Dicot
Stem Anatomy, Secondary Structure
Primary Primary Tissues Secondary Secondary
Meristems Meristems Tissues

Protoderm Epidermis Phellem

Ground Cortex Cork Phelloderm

meristem cambium
(phellogen)
Procambium Primary Phloem

Fascicular
cambium
Interfascicular Vascular Secondary
cambium cambium Phloem
Primary Xylem Secondary
Xylem
Xylem Components
• Vessel elements
– Short and wide
– Thick walled cells with large diameter
Xylem Components

• Fiber
– Long, slender, pointed ends
– Smallest diameter, darkly stained cells
Phloem Components
Metamorphosed Stems