West Yangon Technological University

1
Department of Mechanical Engineering

BE Graduation Thesis
Design Analysis of Multi-split Type Air-conditioning system
For KER luxurious residence
(2nd Seminar)
8 . 7 . 2019
Group No - 22

Supervised by Daw May Mie Thet

VI M- 38 Pyae Phyoe Hein
VI M- 68 Aung Ko Minn
• Outlines of presentation 2

1. Methodology
- Cooling Load Analysis
- External Heat Gains
- Internal Heat Gains
- Ducting analysis
- supply air ducting
- return air ducting
2. Design Calculation & Results
- Cooling Load calculated results
- calculation results
- Future plans
 3

Methodology

1. The Cooling Load analysis for the Design building.

2. The ducting analysis for the Design building

 4
The Cooling Load Calculations

External

Heat Extraction
Cooling Load
Heat Gains

Internal
 5
General Heat Gain to a building
External Heat Gains Internal Heat Gains

1. External wall Heat Gain 1. Lighting

2. Partition wall Heat Gain 2. Occupants
3. Roof/Ceiling Heat Gain 3. Equipment
4. Floor Heat Gain 4. infiltration
5. Door heat Gain
6. Solar Radiation through glass

Used Air-conditioning principle and systems (4th Edition) by Edward G.Pita

To calculate the External Heat gains 6

1.For the external wall heat gain

The general equation is

Q = U A CLTDC

Where, Q = Conduction heat gain , BTU/hr

U = Overall heat transfer coefficient, BTU/hr.ft2.°F
A = Conducted Area
CLTDC = Corrected value of CLTD , °F
CLTD = Cooling Load Temperature Difference, °F
 Continued: 7

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, U

Various kinds of U-value are available

For instance,

1. 4” concrete wall

2. Double layer glass door

3. The metal frame area

Continued: 8

CLTD & CLTDC

The corrected CLTDC can be available through

CLTDC = k(CLTD+LM) + (78 - TR) + (TM - 85)

Where, k = color correction factor
LM = temperature from Latitude and Month
CLTD = Cooling Load Temperature Difference from Table
TR = Room temperature to be designed
TM = Outside Mean temperature
Continued:
• Acquired from table 9
• LM • Use the physical data of the building
(Latitude, Month, Cardinal Directions)
• Not required for glass

• 1 for dark color wall

• k • 0.65 for light color wall
• 0.5 for light color roof
• Not required for glass

• TR • Desired temperature for the building

• TM • TM = TO – TRANGE / 2
Where, TO = Outer peak Temperature
TRANGE = daily temperature range
 10

Correction Factor for External Wall Heat Gain, Fc

The general equation is

Fc = 1 – 0.02 K

Where, K = (UwAw + UgAg) / L

L = the gross width of the wall
 11
2.For the Partition, Roof/Ceiling and Floor heat gain

The general equation is

Q = U A CLTD

Where, Q = Conduction heat gain , BTU/hr

U = Overall heat transfer coefficient, BTU/hr.ft2.°F
A = Conducted Area
CLTD = Cooling Load Temperature Difference, °F
Continued: 12

from unconditioned space

from unconditioned space
For partition from conditioned space
from conditioned space

between unconditioned space

CLTD For ceiling
between conditioned space

Above the unconditioned space

For floor
Above the conditioned space
 13
3.For the Solar Radiation through Glass

The general equation is

Q = SHGF A SC CLF

Where, Q = Solar radiation heat gain , BTU/hr

SHGF = Sensible Heat Gain Factor, BTU/hr.ft2
A = Radiated Area, ft2
SC = Shading Coefficient
CLF = Cooling load Factor
Continued: 14

The Solar Radiation Effect

Unshaded condition Shaded condition

Externally shaded condition Internally Shaded condition

QDIRECT SOLAR RADIATION QDIFFUSE SOLAR RADIATION

To calculate the Internal Heat gains 15
1.For the Lighting heat gain

The general equation is

Q = 3.41 W BF CLF

Where, Q = Lighting heat gain , BTU/hr

W = Rated capacity, W
BF = Ballast Factor, 1.25 (for fluorescent)
1 (for incandescent)
CLF = Cooling load Factor
2.For the Occupancy heat gains 16
Sensible Heat Load Latent Heat Load
1.For the Sensible heat gain
The general equation is

Qs = qs n CLF Where, Qs = occupancy heat gain , BTU/hr

n = number of occupants
CLF = Cooling load Factor
2.For the Latent heat gain
The general equation is

Ql = ql n
Where, Ql = occupancy heat gain , BTU/hr
n = number of occupants
3.For the equipment heat gains 17
Sensible Heat Load Latent Heat Load
1.For the Sensible heat gain
The general equation is
Qs = qs n Where, Qs = equipment heat gain , BTU/hr
n = number of equipment
2.For the Latent heat gain
The general equation is

Ql = ql n
Where, Ql = equipment heat gain , BTU/hr
n = number of equipment
4.For the Infiltration heat gains
18
Sensible Heat Load Latent Heat Load
1.For the Sensible heat gain
The general equation is

Qs = 1.1 CFMinf TC Where, Qs = Infiltration heat gain , BTU/hr

CFMinf = volume of air per minute
2.For the Latent heat gain TC = temperature change between
outdoor and indoor air, °F
The general equation is

Ql = 0.68 CFMinf ΔW’ Where, Ql = Infiltration heat gain , BTU/hr

CFMinf = volume of air per minute
ΔW’= outdoor and inside humidity
ratio, grw.lb d.a.,
 Ducting analysis 19
Supply Air Ducting

Flow Rates

Pressure Drop Duct Area Duct Design

Ceiling Height
 Factors to consider for SAD system 20

• Area available for overall ducting spacing

• Heat gain and Leakage losses
• Friction losses
• First cost and Maintenance cost
• Sound level
• Insulations
• Following to local codes or International standards
Note : Ducting ratios are variable due to above factors.
 Duct design criteria 21

• Air quantity (m3s-1, L-1, CFM or CMH)

• Pressure Drop (Pa, ftw, inw, mmHg)

• Duct Area (Round, Oval, Rectangular) (mm, m, ft)

• Velocity (ms-1, fts-1)

 22

Ducting System

Air conditioned Duct Non-air conditioned Duct

(Eg, SAD, EAD) (Eg, FAD, EAD)

 Exhaust Air Duct System
23

• Toilet air change must 10 ac per hour.

• All bathrooms connected to main exhaust fan.

• Kitchen exhaust system counting on BTU

units of stoves must be isolated.
Design Information
24
City/Town Latitude Longitude Elevation
Yangon 16.8661°N 96.1951°E 108+490=598ft
Outer DB 100°F Month Time
Outer WB 80°F April 3:00 PM
Daily Range 24°F Mean Temperature, Tm = 100 – 24/2 = 88°F
Design DB 75°F
Room Type Area Ceiling Possible maximum Equipment Lighting
ft² Height, ft Occupants
Living room-1 463.9 8.858 7 LCD TV 13 Downlights+
(~250W) Light tray + Chandelier
Living room-2 111.084 8.858 8 LCD TV 6 Downlights+
(~250W) Light tray + Chandelier
Master Bedroom 187.292 8.858 2 LCD TV 6 Downlights+ stand lamp
(~250W) Light tray + Chandelier
Kitchen 87.403 8.858 2 Hot plate + 4 Downlights
Refrigerator
Corridor 230 8.858 2 - 7 downlights
 25

Figure 1, Floor plan Figure 2, Furniture plan

For Living Room-1
Lighting 26
12W Fluorescent Downlight= 13
For light tray,
12W of 4’ Fluorescent Light= 6 Figure-1
6 W of 2’ Fluorescent Light = 4 External
32W Chandelier wall
Occupancy = 7 people
Equipment = 250W LCD TV
External wall
Parameters(in mm) as shown in figure 1.
Material types= 4” concrete, metal frame, single layer
glass
Partition wall Figure-2
Parameters(in mm) as shown in figure 2. Partition
Material types= 4” concrete, metal frame, double layer wall
glass door
27
 28
For Living Room-2
Lighting
12W Fluorescent Downlight= 6
For light tray,
12W of 4’ Fluorescent Light= 8
32W Chandelier

Occupancy = 8 people

Equipment = 250W LCD TV

Partition wall (parted from boiler room)

Parameters = 2.7m x 2.336m
Material types= 4” concrete
Living room-2 Floor plan
29
For Master Bedroom
Lighting 30
12W Fluorescent Downlight= 4
For light tray,
12W of 4’ Fluorescent Light= 6 Figure-1
6 W of 2’ Fluorescent Light = 4 External
32W Chandelier wall
Occupancy = 2 people
Equipment = 250W LCD TV
External wall
Parameters(in mm) as shown in figures
Material types= 4” concrete, metal frame, Double layer
glass door + (12” concrete + insulation)
Partition wall Figure-2
Parameters = 3.875m x 2.7m Floor
Material types = 4” concrete wall plan
31
 32
For Kitchen
Lighting
12W Fluorescent Downlight= 2

Occupancy = 2 people

Equipment
Hot plate + Reach-in refrigerator

Partition wall
Parameters = 2.7m x 3.802m
Material types= 4” concrete

Kitchen Floor plan

33
 34

For Corridor
Lighting
12W Fluorescent Downlight= 2

Occupancy = 2 people

Partition wall
Parameters = 2.7m x (1.7 + 2.075 + 1.273 + 1.6 ) m
Material types= 4” concrete

Corridor Floor plan

35
 Calculations 36

We could use continuity equation according to low velocity rate within duct;

Q =AxV

Q = Flow rate
A = Area of duct
V = Velocity
 Choosing design calculation
37

Loss Coefficient
Method

Major Transition
Pressure Loss Pressure Loss
Fitting
Pressure Loss
 Major Loss 38

• Calculation of major loss calculated by loss coefficient method.

• Major head loss within rectangular duct.

• Consider as laminar flow.

• Ducting pressure loss reference to ASHRAE and SS553.

 Dynamic Loss 39

• Calculation of dynamic loss calculated by loss coefficient method.

• Like in pipe fitting, pressure drop also occurs in duct fittings.

• Duct fitting means elbows, tee, transition and dampers.

• Fitting coefficient reference to ASHRAE and SS553.

Total Pressure Loss
40
41
Supply Air Ducting 42

Room Types Velocity Diameter

Flow rate (l/s) Total Length (m) ΔP (Pa)
(SAD) (m/s) (mm)

Living Room-1 600 16.935 38.521 3.78 200

Living Room-2 160 3.988 6.342 2.67 200

Kitchen 100 6.62 18.42 3.79 150

Master Bedroom 300 2.081 15.086 2.5 200

Exhaust Air Ducting 43

Room Types (EAD) Flow rate (l/s) Velocity (m/s) Diameter (mm)

Toilet Room-1 30 1.67 200

Toilet Room-2 160 1.34 150

Kitchen 100 1.15 150

 44
Future plan

1. Comparison with E-20 Hourly analysis program for Cooling Load Calculation

2. Comparing and analyzing the Multi-split (VRV) system with the Mini-split system
References 45

1. 2009 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals SI

2. Air-conditioning principles and systems 4th edition by Edward G.Pita

3. 2017 ASHRAE Hand Book

4. SS553 : 2009 Singapore Standard

5. ACMV Ducting Book by Nanda Linn

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Questioners’ Time
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THANK YOU