FLUID MACHINERIES

PUMPS,
FANS AND BLOWERS,
TURBINES
( COMPLETE PRESENTATIONS )
BASIC
 MACHINERY

A machine is a combination of resistant

parts so arrange to cause the forces of
nature to produce definite work with
constrained motion.
PUMPS
 DIFINITIONS:

PUMPS :

IT IS A STEADY – STATE FLOW MACHINE IN WHICH

MECHANICAL WORK IS ADDED TO THE FLUID IN
ORDER TO TRANSPORT THE LIQUID FROM ONE
POINT TO ANOTHER POINT OF A HIGHER
PRESSURE
Fluid is any substance which flows
because its particles are not rigidly
attached to one another
PUMPS INSTALLATIONS : SUCTION TO DISCHARGE

PRIMING LINE

CENTER LINE
DIFINITION OF TERMS RELATED TO FLUIDS AND PUMPS:
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT WATER POWER
HSMC TYPES OF PUMPS
PHOTOS AND VIDEOS
A. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
1. ROTO – DYNAMIC OR KINETIC PUMP
Transfer rotating mechanical energy into kinetic
energy in the form of fluid velocity and pressure.
1.1 VOLUTE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

a. AXIAL FLOW CENTR. PUMP

b. RADIAL FLOW CENTR. PUMP
c. MIXED FLOW CENTR. PUMP

1.2 PERIPHERAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

a. DIFFUSER CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
DEFINITIONS

1.1 1.2
1. ROTO DYNAMIC CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS:

1.1 VOLUTE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS :

a. AXIAL FLOW VOLUTE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
PROPPELLER – SUITABLE FOR DISCHARGING
LARGE QUANTITY OF SMALL HEAD. HIGH
DISCHARGE, LOW HEAD
b. MIXED FLOW VOLUTE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

MIXED FLOW – ARE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IDEAL FOR MEDIUM HEAD,

LARGE CAPACITY APPLICATIONS. USUALLY PUMP WITH SUBMERGE
IMPELLER.
MIXED FLOW IMPELLER :
SUITABLE FOR DISCHARGING
LARGE VOLUME OF FLUIDS,

AGAINST MEDIUM HEAD.

c. RADIAL FLOW VOLUTE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

RADIAL FLOW - ARE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS SUITABLE OF

DISCHARGING RELATIVELY SMALL QUANTITY OF FLOW AGAINST HIGH
HEAD. USUALL HORIZONTALLY MOUNTED.
SUITABLE FOR
DISCHARGING
RELATIVELY SMALL
QUANTITY OF
OF FLOW AGAINST
HIGH HEAD, HIGH
DISCH, HIGH HEAD
1.2 PERIPHERAL CENTRIFUGAL PIMPS
a. DIFFUSER MULTI STAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS :

Peripheral – perimeter or the external boundery of the

impeller towards the passage of the
diffuser
PERIPHERAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:
PURPOSE ; TO INCREASE THE HEAD, AND REDUCED ITS VELOCITY
WHEN PASSING THE STAGES IMPELLERS AND DIFFUSERS
AT CONSTANT SPEED. HIGH HEAD, HIGH CAPACITY AND
HIGH PRESSURE.

.
1.
1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

2.

2.1 PISTON OR PLUNGER

2.2 DIAPHRAM
1. ROTARY PUMPS.
 1.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4 LOBE PUMP – A TYPE OF AN OIL PUMP EITHER USING VANE OR GEAR
2.
RECIPROCATING PUMP
RECIPROCATING PUMP
 RECIPROCATING PUMP

DOUBLE ACTING RECIPROCATING PUMP

 
Air Chamber serves as primary surge tank
Surge Tank Prevents pressure
fluctuations
MANUAL PISTON TYPE PUMP
C. SPECIAL EFFECTS PUMPS :
DESIGN OF PUMPS FOR SPECIAL LIQUID HANDLING
CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS
 BOILER FEEDWATER PUMPS
TYPE : DIFFUSER CENTRIFUGA PUMP

A PUMP DESIGNED FOR REDUCING THE VELOCITY BY DEFLECTING ITS

SPEED THRU IT’S STAGES DIFFUSER SETS, INTEGRAL TO THE PUMPS
ASSEMBLY. THE STATIC PRESSURE OF THE FLUID PASSING THRU THE
PUMPS SYSTEM INCREASES HIGHER THAN THE STEAM DRUMS
OPERATING PRESSURE , AS WELL AS ITS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
TOWARDS THE STEAM DRUM. THIS PREVENTS TURBIDITY OCCURRENCE
INSIDE THE STEAM DRUM THAT WHEN UNCONTROLLED RESULTS TO
FOAMING AND PRIMING,
TURBINE DRIVE
MOTOR
DRIVE
IMPELLER TYPES VS SPECIFIC SPEED
 

 
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP INSTALLATION SCHEMES
1. Accessories
CLOSE COUPLED PUMP AND MOTOR DESIGNED TO BE INSTALLED
UNDERGROUND AS IN THE CASE OF DEEPWELL PUMPS
END
PUMPS CAVITATION
CAUSES AND EFFECTS
PUMPS INSTALLATION
BASE FOUNDATION
ALIGNMENT AND
MAINTENANCE
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
 The Reciprocating Pump
1. Double Acting Pump
 SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC
1. VOLUMETRIC DISPLACEMENT

2. VOLUMETRIC EFF.
3. SLIP

4.WHp

5. PUMP THERMAL EFF.

6. PUMP DUTY
•Pump work expressed in ft-lb per million
BTU of heat input
 NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AND
CAVITATION

•  NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH)

• Is the difference between the suction pressure and the saturation pressure of
the liquid being pumped.
• is used to measure how close a fluid is to saturated conditions. By maintaining
the available NPSH required by a pump manufacturer, cavitation can be
avoided.
NPSH = -
 NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AND
CAVITATION
• CAVITATION
• The rapid formation and collapsed of bubbles in a liquid, cause by
the movement of something in a liquid such as propeller or by
waves of high frequency sound.(encarta)
• Is the formation and collapse of vapor cavities/bubbles in a flowing
liquid. (chemical eng’g. hand book)
• The pitting of solid surface as a result of the forces of repeated
cavitation in a surrounding liquid. (encarta)
• CAVITATION EROSION
• It is the damage resulting from the formation and collapse of
vacuum bubbles in a liquid stream. When this collapse occurs on the
metal surface, there is a severe impact or explosive effect that can
cause considerable mechanical damage and corrosion can be greatly
accelerated because of the destruction of the protective film.
( chemical eng’g hand book)
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AND
CAVITATION
• CAUSES OF CAVITATION
1. Low suction pressure
2. Low atmospheric pressure
3. High liquid temperature
4. High velocity
5. Rough surface and edges
6. Sharp bends
• BAD EFFECT OF CAVITATION
1. Drop in capacity and efficiency
2. Noise and vibration
3. Corrosion and pitting
• NPSHa (M) = ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(M) – SUCTION LIFT(M) – FRICTIONAL HEAD
LOSS(M) - V.P (M)
• NPSHa (M) = ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(M) + SUCTION HEAD(M) – FRICTIONAL
HEAD LOSS(M) - V. P (M)
END
 PERFORMANCE

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
END
 TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD

BASED ON CONFIGURATION

COMMON WITH PUMPS

INSTALLATION
END
CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
1. SAME PUMPS:
SAME PUMP : CONSTANT IMPELLER DIA, VARIABLE SPEED
SAME PUMP : CONSTANT SPEED, VARIABLE IMPELLER DIAMETER
2. SIMILAR PUMPS:

PUMPS ARE CONSIDERED SIMILAR PUMPS IF THE FOLLOWING ARE MEET

1. BOTH PUMPS HAVE THE SAME SPECIFIC SPEED
2. BOTH PUMPS HAVE THE SAME EFFICIENCY
1.
2.
 1st

3.
1  SIMILAR PUMPS : BOTH PUMPS HAVE THE SAME SPECIFIC
.
SPEED.

1. =

2. =
  
V=
OD

 N =(

:Solving for impeller diameterID

  KE
Q
PE : PRESSURE ENERGY
V=

D=
 
 
IF PERIPHERAL LOSSES IS NOT
CONSIDERED
 

IF PERIPHERAL LOSSES ARE

CONSIDERED
 
Then:
Use the peripheral speed factor

 
3. PUMPS IN PARRALEL

PURPOSE: TO INCREASE THE DISCHARGE WITH THE SAME PUMP HEAD

 Q
= +
H= =
P= +
4. PUMPS IN SERIES:

PURPOSE : TO INCREASE THE HEAD WITH THE SAME DISCHARGE

 Q
= =
H= +
P= +
5. DOUBLE SUCTION PUMP WITH ONE DRIVE MOTOR AND ONE DISCHARGE
SAMPLE MEBEP