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Lahore Garrison University

CSC373-Compiler Construction
Week-2 Lecture-3
Semester-#5 Fall 2019
Prepared by:

Eisha Tir Razia

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Overview of previous lecture

 Introduction to Compiler
 Compiler History
 Properties of Compiler

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Preamble of each lecture

 Compiler types in general

 Analysis
 synthesis

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Lecture Outcomes

 Understanding related
 Compiler phases

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Cont..

 Only few people write compiler, many people write pieces of

compiler.
 We deal large, complicated system in computer science by
breaking it into several smaller, easy-to-understand pieces.

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The Structure of a Compiler

 Compilation can be done into two parts.

1. Analysis
2. Synthesis

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Analysis

 Determine the operations implied by the source program which are recorded in a tree
structure.
 Break up the source program into constituent pieces and creates intermediate representation
of Source program
 During analysis, the operations implied by the source are determine and recorded in a
hierarchical structure called a tree.
 If the analysis part detects that the source program is either syntactically ill formed or
semantically unsound, then it must provide informative messages, so the user can take
corrective action
 The analysis part also collects information about the source program and stores it in a data
structure called a symbol table, which is passed along with the intermediate representation to
the synthesis part

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Synthesis

 Construct the desired target program from the intermediate

representation & the information in the symbol table
 Take structure and translate the operations into the target program.
 Target program depends on the goal of the compilation
 For example, a compiler may first generate an intermediate code
after analysis and then generate target code that may be
assembly language code and machine code.

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Phases of Compiler

 If we examine the compilation process in more detail, we see that it

operates as a sequence of phases, each of which transforms one
representation of the source program to another

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Phases of Compiler

1. Lexical Analysis
2. Syntax Analysis
3. Sementic Analysis
4. Intermediate Code Representation
5. Code Optimization
6. Code Generation

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Phases of Compiler

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Cont..

 The symbol table, which stores information about the entire source
program, is used by all phases of the compiler

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Q&A

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References

 These lecture notes were taken from following source:

 Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools By Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D.
Ullman, Contributor Jeffrey D. Ullman, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 2nd edition, 2006

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