Welcome to Daniel Painter’s

Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis Presentation
of Two Freedom Square

April 16, 2003

Pennsylvania State University
 Order of Presentation
• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
– Concrete Design
– Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
– Construction Management
– Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions
 Background Information
• Located in Reston, Virginia
• Part of Reston Town Center
• Seven Miles from Dulles Airport
• 16-story Office Building
• 450,000 Square Feet
• 2nd building of a two building complex
• Total Cost: $42 million
• Start and Finish Dates
• October 24, 2000
• June 15, 2002
• Building Code: BOCA 1996
 Important People
• Owner: Boston Properties
• Architect: SmithGroup, Inc.
• Structural Engineer: Tadjer Cohen
Edelson
• General Contractor: Centex
Construction
Picture of Two Freedom Square
 Order of Presentation
• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
– Concrete Design
– Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
– Construction Management
– Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions
 Existing Structure – Floor System
• Two-way Flat Slab with
Drop Panels
• 8” Slab
• 10” to 12” Drop Panels
• Floor to Floor Height
• 11’-11”
• Bay Sizes
– N-S direction
• 31’-6”
• 28’-0”
• 25’-0”
– E-W direction
• 30’-6”
• 29’-0”
 Bay Sizes
30.5’ 29’ 29’ 30.5’

31.5’
28’
25’
25’
28’
31.5’
 Existing Structure – Lateral System
• Eccentrically Braced
Frames
• Columns – vary in sizes
• Largest - 32” x 32”
• Smallest - 12” x 24”
• Column Strength
• 4,000 psi (13th to roof)
• 6,000 psi (9th to 12th)
• 8,000 psi (4th to 8th)
• 10,000 psi (cellar 2 to
3rd)
• Wind vs. Seismic
• Wind Controlled
System
• Overall Drift was 2:1
• Allowable Drift
– h/400 = 6.6 inches
– Actual drift
• Wind = 3.38 inches
• Seismic = 1.68 inches
 Pros and Cons
• Efficient Core • Excess Number of
Design Columns
• Low Floor to Floor
Heights
• Cost Effective
• No Addition
Fireproofing
Required
 Proposed Problems
• Rearrange the Column Layout by placing
the Columns on the Column Lines
• Investigate a Concrete and Steel Design
of the building
• Redesign the Core of the Building
• Resize Crane
• Investigate Fireproofing
• Use the IBC 2000 code
 Order of Presentation
• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
– Concrete Design
– Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
– Construction Management
– Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions
 Structural Design Option: Concrete
Floor System
• Two-way Flat Slab with
Drop Panels
• 10” Slab
• 12” Drop Panels
• Floor to Floor Height
• 11’-11”
• Bay Sizes
– N-S direction
• 30’-0”
• 28’-0”
• 25’-0”
– E-W direction
• 30’-6”
• 29’-0”
 Bay Sizes
30.5’ 29’ 29’ 30.5’

30’
28’
25’
25’
28’
30’
Structural Design Option: Concrete
Lateral System
• Eccentrically Braced
Frames
• Columns – vary in
sizes
• Largest - 30” x 30”
• Smallest - 18” x 18”
• Column Strength
• 5,000 psi was used for
all floors
• Wind vs. Seismic
• Wind Controlled
System
• Overall Drift was 2:1
• Allowable Drift
– h/400 = 6.6 inches
• h = 220 ft
– Actual drift
• Wind = 5.99 inches
 Pros and Cons
• Simpler Column • Increased Slab
Layout Depth
• Smaller Columns • Increased Drop
• Faster Schedule Panel Depth
than Steel • Redesign of the Core
• Same Floor to Floor
Height of Existing
Structure
 Order of Presentation
• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
– Concrete Design
– Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
– Construction Management
– Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions
 Structural Design Option: Steel
Floor System
• Slab on Deck
• 2” LOK Deck
• 4½” Concrete Cover
• Maximum Span = 10 ft
• Floor to Floor
Height
• 14’-0”
• Non-Composite
• Composite
 Bay Sizes
30.5’ 29’ 29’ 30.5’

30’
28’
25’
25’
28’
30’
 Structural Design Option: Steel
Lateral System
• Moment Frames • Overall Height
• In both directions • Increased to 250 feet
• Not symmetric • Wind vs. Seismic
• Comprised of W-
• Wind Controlled
Shapes
System
• Shear Walls • Torsion
– 4 in the N-S • Allowable Drift
direction – h/400 = 7.5 inches
• 10 feet long each
– Actual Drift
– 2 in the E-W
• Wind = 7.34 inches
direction
• 20 feet long each
 Pros and Cons
• Simpler Column • Increased Floor to
Layout Floor Height
• Need for a Crane for
Erection
• Longer Schedule
than Concrete
• Need of Additional
Fireproofing
• Higher Cost than
Concrete
 Order of Presentation
• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
– Concrete Design
– Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
– Construction Management
– Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions
 Construction Management Design Option
Estimates (RS Means)
• Steel Building • Concrete Building

Adjusted Cost $74.19 Adjusted Cost $69.41

per Sq. Ft. per Sq. Ft.
Contractor Fee $18.55 Contractor Fee $17.35
(25%) (25%)
Architect Fee $4.45 Architect Fee $4.16
(6%) (6%)
Final Cost per $97.19 Final Cost per $90.92
Sq. Ft. Sq. Ft.
Final Cost $43,757,853.70 Final Cost $40,934,911.60
 Construction Management Design Option
Time Estimates (RS Means)
• Concrete Construction
• Existing Structure
• 2 weeks per floor
• 200 days
Steel Construction
Daily Output Amount Days Crews

Steel Erection 13.9 ton/day 3,466.479 tons 249.39 E-6

Non-Composite Deck 4,000 sq. ft./day 450,230 sq. ft. 112.56 E-4

Composite Deck 3,600 sq. ft./day 450,230 sq. ft. 125.06 E-4

Slab – pumped 140 cy/day 18,759.58 cy 134 C-20

Slab – crane & bucket 100 cy/day 18,759.58 cy 187.6 C-7

 Construction Management Design Option
Crane Sizing
• Liebherr
– 290 HC Crane
– Tower Crane
– Cost = $11,500 per
month
– Capacity = 9,070
pounds at 197 foot Capacity at
radius 197 ft

Example of
Crane
Crane Location
 Order of Presentation
• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
– Concrete Design
– Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
– Construction Management
– Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions
 Architecture Design Option

• New Column Layout

– Adjusted Core Layout Womens

– Adjusted some Floor

Layout
Mens
• Switched the
bathrooms
• Separated the
Elevators
Pictures of Ground Floor Plan
Pictures of 9 Floor Plan
th
Pictures of 12 Floor Plan
th
Pictures of 15 Floor Plan
th
 Pros and Cons
• Changed Core
• Column by the Elevators
 Order of Presentation
• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
– Concrete Design
– Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
– Construction Management
– Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions
 Conclusion
• Steel vs. Concrete • Schedule
• Concrete has a lower • Concrete Building is
Floor to Floor Height faster to Construct
• Steel Requires • Crane Necessary for
Additional Fireproofing
• Concrete is Cheaper
Steel Construction
• New Column Layout
• Requires a redesign of • So which Design should
the Core of the Building
be Chosen??
• Reduces the number of
Columns in the building
So which Design should be Chosen??

• The Existing Structure is the Logical

Choice due to the Cost, Schedule, and
better Core Design
• The Steel Redesign Adds Height, a
Crane and Cost
• The Concrete Redesign could work with
some Refining
 Special Thanks
• William Hendrix and Joel Kelty from
SmithGroup
• The AE Faculty
• Friends in the Lab
Questions