VENEERS

CONTENTS:

• Introduction
• Manufacturing of wood veneers
• Types of veneers
• Advantages of using veneers
• Application of veneer
• Uses of veneer
• Advantages of veneer
• Disadvantages of veneer
• Properties of veneer
•References
 INTRODUCTION
VENEERS:
Refers to thin slices of wood, usually thinner than 3 mm,
that typically are glued onto core panels (typically,
wood, particle board or medium-density fiberboard )
to produce flat panels such as doors, tops and
panels for cabinets, parquet floors and parts of
furniture. They are also used in marquetry (inlaid
work made from small pieces of coloured wood or
other materials, used for the decoration of
furniture). Veneer is also used to replace decorative
papers in Wood Veneer HPL. Veneer is also a type
of manufactured board.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

The wood veneer manufacturing includes all the processes

from the time the log enters the yard to the time when a veneer sheet
is packed and ready to be transported. The image below explains the
entire manufacturing process in a simplified manner.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

•Step 1 – Log Yard:

As soon as the logs arrive from the forest they are
classified by species and kept under conditions of optimal humidity
by spraying water or by soaking in water ponds. This is done to
prevent the log from degrading which usually occurs as a result of
drying.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

•Step 2- Debarking:
The next step is debarking. Taking great care not to damage
the log the bark is peeled off with evenness.

•Step 3- Soaking of Logs:

The next crucial step involves soaking the log to soften the
fiber which is necessary for
uniform slicing. The logs are put
into steamers and completely
submerged at temperatures
ranging from 80°C to 100°C for a
period of 18 to 72 hours .For
maximum efficiency the log
should be cut within an hour
after soaking.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

•Step 4- Cutting the logs:

The key operation of how and where a log should be cut
depends on the slicing method used to produce veneer. Each log,
already identified has its own barcode. This enables the different cuts
to be identified any time. The log will be cut into half or quarters for
peeling. These logs are called Peeler blocks or peeler billets.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

•Step 5 – Peeling:
To ensure that the veneer logs of same tree are not separate
tags corresponding to a logs barcode are carefully attached and
verified at each step.In this step the logs are sliced to veneer sheets.
There are distinct methods to slice a veneer from hardwood logs.
Let’s take a look at each method.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

• Flat Slicing:
It is the most common cutting method. The half log is
positioned with the heart side against the flitch table. Slicing is done
parallel to a line through its center. This cut produces a light
multicolored and a distinctive pattern. The slices obtained by this
method are always uniform.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

• Rotary Cut:
The log is centrally mounted on the lathe and turned
against a sharp blade, like unwinding a roll of paper. The cut follows
the logs annual growth rings.  A bold multicolored grain marking is
produced. The veneer sheets produce is exceptionally wide.
.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

• Quarter Slicing:
This method produces a series of straight lines. The
quarter log is mounted on the flitch table such that the logs growth
rigs hits the blade at right angle.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

• Rift Slicing:
In this cut the Rotation speed of the log is determine by the
log size, its natural shape, particular features of the species of wood
and the thickness of the veneer. The cut is done at a slide angle from
the position of the quarter log. This method results in a comb or rift
grain effect.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

• Half Round Slicing :

This cut is a variation of rotary cut. The grain effect
produced by this cut has characteristics of both rift cut and flat slice
veneer .The cut slightly crosses the annual growth rings.

Step 6- Drying:
The sheets of veneer always remain in the natural order as they
emerge such that all parts of the original log are kept together. One by
one the slices of veneer carefully enter the dryer, where they are dried
evenly within a few minutes. Air temperature of up to 320°F at high
velocity is blasted on the surface. The veneer must be dried in such a
way that it has at least 8-12% of moisture content.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

Step 7- Quality Check:

As the veneer slices leave the dryer they are once more
reassembled to reconstruct the log which never separates. The
identification is subjected to several verifications. It involves
examining and classifying the veneer. An expert carefully inspects
each log to make sure customers receive quality veneers having strict
standards.

Step 8- Clipping:
It is the initial step in the splicing process. They are cut with
an in clipper to obtain sheets that are even in length. A similar
clipping or cutting process is performed to acquire sheets of a proper
width. The quality of the veneer panel depends on the precision and
angle of the cut. Panels are then headed to the glue machine, which
bonds the edges of the sheets.
MANUFACTURING OF WOOD VENEERS:

Step 9- Splicing:
Here the sheets are assembled to produce a match. The
pressure exerted and the heat used ensures a solid consistent match.
Wide range of matches is available as follows:
•Book match
•Slip Match Reverse Slip Match
•Running Match Balance Match
•Random Match End Match.

Step 10-Packing:
The sheets are finally measured, packed and labels are suck with
indication of length, width, etc. Ready flitches are put into pallets.
Each pallet is packed into protective polyethylene and is tightened
with a packing tape. They are now ready to be transported.
TYPES OF VENEERS:

•Teak
•Oak
•Maple
•Sandal
•Birch
•Beech
•Ironwood
•Sapeli
•Roseheart
•Patternwood
THICKNESS:
•0.5mm
•1mm
•2mm

SIZES:
•8’x4’
•10’x4’
•12’x4’

PRICES:
•Teakwood :120 RS/Sq Ft
•Oak : 140 RS/Sq Ft
•Beech Wood : 90 Rs/Sq Ft
•Maple :70 RS/Sq Ft
•Ironwood : 143 RS/Sq Ft
APPLICATION OF WOOD VENEERS:

•Veneer are sticked by fevicol.

•Different effects such as smoky, weathering, etc are given to
veneers.
•Black resin is used to give greyish tone (metallic).
•Dyed veneers are also available.
•Backing ply : 3mm – 3.5mm
USES OF WOOD VENEERS:

•They are mainly used for Interior decoration.

•They are used where premium finishes are required and where
touch and feel are critical to the user like in executive offices,
conference rooms, reception desks and home offices.
•Veneers are also used to decorate furnitures for residential projects,
hotel projects, offices.
•Also processed to create a variety of products such as veneer sheets,
wood veneer boards, wood veneer wallpaper, etc.
•They are used to make customized luxury products such as wine
boxes, chocolate boxes, tags, luxury soap boxes, spice boxes, etc.
ADVANTAGES OF WOOD VENEERS:

•Compared to wood, one of the primary advantages of using veneer is

stability.
•While solid wood can be prone to warping and splitting, because
veneer is made of thin layers of wood glued together, the chances of
splitting or cracking are reduced.
•the glue used provides additional strength, making the end result
stronger than natural wood.
•Using wood veneer would not be possible to construct using solid
lumber, owing to expansion and contraction caused by fluctuation of
temperature and humidity.
•Another advantage of veneer is sustainability—furniture made with
wood veneer uses less wood than the same piece of furniture made
with solid wood.
•veneer may also be more readily available than solid wood as exotic
hardwood lumber can be scarce and very expensive.
DISADVANTAGES OF WOOD VENEERS:

•The quality of veneers is absolutely lower compared to its hardwood

counterpart.
•Veneer products are extremely thin and more susceptible to water
damage – a problem that will cause the material to peel and reveal the
particle board beneath it.
•Veneer also becomes costly to repair as the entire surface usually
needs to be replaced once it’s damaged.
•veneer is often overlaid on particleboard, MDF, or plywood which
has a different expansion and contraction rate than the veneer on top.
•when the veneer naturally expands or contracts according to the
climate, the material below it does not expand or contract at the same
rate causing the veneer to crack over time.
PROPERTIES OF WOOD VENEERS:

•Appearance
•Color Permanence
•Figure
•Sound Installation
•Fire safety
•Moisture
•Electrical Conductivity
REFERENCES:

•https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/wood-veneer.html
•http://www.centuryply.com/brand/listing/veneers/fantasy-back-venee
rs
•https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=-GXiWPfMNKv98wfe5qP
YCQ&gws_rd=ssl#q=how+wood+veneers+are+fitted&*
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_veneer#Types_of_veneers