ERP, Fire, First Aid

What is work place EMERGENCY?
• A workplace emergency is an unforeseen

EMERGENCY situation that threatens your employees,
PREPARNESS
customers, or the public; disrupts or
shuts down your operations; or causes
physical or environmental damage.
www.sterlingandwilson.com | 2
Emergencies may be natural or manmade
and include the following: EMERGENCY
Floods, PREPARNESS
Hurricanes,
Tornadoes,
Fires,
Toxic gas releases,
EMERGENCY Chemical spills,
PREPARNESS Radiological accidents,
Explosions,
Civil disturbances, and
Workplace violence resulting in bodily harm and
trauma.
How do you protect yourself, your employees and
your Business?
The best way is to prepare to respond to an emergency

EMERGENCY
before it happens. Few people can think clearly and
PREPARNESS logically in a crisis, so it is important to do so in
advance, when you have time to be thorough.
What is an emergency action plan?
An emergency action plan covers designated actions that

employers and employees must take to ensure
employee safety from fire and other emergencies
Emergency action plan must include the following:
A preferred method for reporting fires and other
emergencies;
An evacuation policy and procedure;
Emergency escape procedures and route assignments,
such as floor plans, workplace maps, and safe or refuge
EMERGENCY
PREPARNESS areas;
Names, titles, departments, and telephone numbers of
individuals both within and outside your company to
contact for additional information or explanation of
duties and responsibilities under the emergency plan;
Procedures for employees who remain to perform or shut
down critical plant operations, operate fire
extinguishers, or perform www.sterlingandwilson.com | 5
other essential services that cannot be shut down for
every emergency alarm before evacuating; and
Rescue and medical duties for workers designated to
perform them.
• How do you alert employees to an Emergency?
EMERGENCY Plan must include a way to alert employees,
PREPARNESS including disabled workers, to evacuate or take other
action, and how to report emergencies, as required.
Among the steps you must take are the following:
Make sure alarms are distinctive and recognized by all
employees as a signal to evacuate the work area or
perform actions identified in your plan;
Make available an emergency communications system such as a
public address system, portable radio unit, or other means to
notify employees of the emergency and to contact local law
enforcement, the fire department, and others; and
Stipulate that alarms must be able to be heard, seen, or
EMERGENCY otherwise perceived by everyone in the workplace.
PREPARNESS How to develop an Evacuation Policy and Procedure?
A disorganized evacuation can result in confusion, injury, and
property damage.
That is why when developing emergency action plan it is
important to determine the following:
Conditions under which an evacuation would be necessary; Ø A
clear chain of command and designation of the person in your
business authorized to order an evacuation or shutdown.
You may want to designate an “evacuation warden” to
assist others in an evacuation and to account for
personnel; Ø Specific evacuation procedures, including
routes and exits. Ø Post these procedures where they are
EMERGENCY
easily accessible to all employees;
PREPARNESS continue…………..
Continued……….
Procedures for assisting people with disabilities;

Designation of what, if any, employees will continue or
shut down critical operations during an evacuation.
These people must be capable of recognizing when to
abandon the operation and evacuate themselves; and
A system for accounting for personnel following an
evacuation. Consider employees’ transportation needs
for community-wide evacuations.
Under what conditions should you call for an
EMERGENCY
PREPARNESS evacuation?
In the event of an emergency, local emergency officials

may order to evacuate your premises.
In the event of a fire, an immediate evacuation to a
predetermined area away from the facility is the best way
to protect employees.
What is the role of coordinators and evacuation
wardens during an emergency?
The coordinator should be responsible for the following:
 Assessing the situation to determine whether an emergency
exists requiring activation of your emergency procedures;
EMERGENCY  Supervising all efforts in the area, including evacuating
PREPARNESS personnel;
 Coordinating outside emergency services, such as medical
aid and local fire departments, and ensuring that they are
available and notified when necessary; and
 Directing the shutdown of plant operations when required.
 Evacuation wardens to help move employees from danger
to safe areas during an emergency.
How to Establish Evacuation Routes and Exits?
When preparing emergency action plan, designate

primary and secondary evacuation routes and exits. To
the extent possible under the conditions, ensure that
EMERGENCY evacuation routes and emergency exits meet the
PREPARNESS
following conditions:
 Clearly marked and well lit;

 Wide enough to accommodate the number of
evacuating personnel;
 Unobstructed and clear of debris at all times; and
 Unlikely to expose evacuating personnel to additional
hazards.
Note:
If you prepare drawings that show evacuation routes
EMERGENCY and exits, post them prominently for all employees to
PREPARNESS
see.
How to account for employees after an Evacuation?
 Designate assembly areas where employees should

gather after evacuating;
 Take a head count after the evacuation. Identify the
names and last known locations of anyone not
accounted for and pass them to the official in
charge;
 Establish a method for accounting for non-employees
EMERGENCY
PREPARNESS such as suppliers and customers; and
Establish procedures for further evacuation in case the
incident expands. This may consist of sending
employees home by normal means or providing them
with transportation to an offsite location.
What medical assistance should you provide
during an emergency?
• If your company does not have a

formal medical program, you may want
to investigate ways to provide medical
EMERGENCY and first-aid services.
PREPARNESS • If medical facilities are available near
your worksite, you can make
arrangements for them to handle
emergency cases.
 If an infirmary, clinic, or hospital is not
close to your workplace, ensure that
onsite person(s) have adequate training in
first aid.
 Consult with a physician to order appropriate first-aid
supplies for emergencies.
 Medical personnel must be accessible to provide

advice and consultation in resolving health problems
EMERGENCY that occur in the workplace.
PREPARNESS
 Establish a relationship with a local ambulance service
so transportation is readily available for emergencies.
(Treatment of a serious injury should begin within 3 to 4
minutes of the accident).
What role should employees play in “ emergency
action plan”?
 The best emergency action plans include employees

in the planning process, specify what employees
EMERGENCY should do during an emergency, and ensure that
PREPARNESS employees receive proper training for
emergencies. When you include your employees in
your planning, encourage them to offer
suggestions about potential hazards, worst- case
scenarios, and proper emergency responses. After
you develop the plan, review it with your employees
to make sure everyone knows what to do before,
during and after an emergency. www.sterlingandwilson.com | 16
Training
• Educate employees about the types of emergencies
that may occur and train them in the proper course of
action. The size of your workplace and workforce,
processes used, materials handled, and the availability
of onsite or outside resources will determine your
EMERGENCY
PREPARNESS training requirements.
Be sure all your employees understand
 the function and elements of your emergency action plan,
 including types of potential emergencies,
 reporting procedures,
 alarm systems, Ø evacuation plans, and Ø shutdown
procedures.
General training for your employees should address
the following:
 Individual roles and responsibilities;

 Threats, hazards, and protective actions;
EMERGENCY  Notification, warning, and communications procedures;
PREPARNESS  Means for locating family members in an emergency;
 Emergency response procedures;
 Evacuation, shelter, and accountability procedures; Ø
Location and use of common emergency equipment;
and Ø Emergency shutdown procedures.
What special equipment should you provide for
emergencies?
Your employees may need personal protective equipment to

evacuate during an emergency. Personal protective equipment
must be based on the potential hazards in the workplace.
EMERGENCY Assess your workplace to determine potential hazards and the
PREPARNESS appropriate controls and protective equipment for those hazards.
Personal protective equipment may include items such as:
 Safety glasses, goggles,
 Hard hats and safety shoes
 Proper respirators;
 Chemical suits, gloves,
 hoods, and boots
 Special body protection for abnormal environmental conditions
such as extreme temperatures. www.sterlingandwilson.com | 19
OBJECTIVES:
After this training you should be able to:
• IDENTIFY common classes of fires
FIRE • SELECT the proper type of extinguisher
SAFETY
• EVALUATE when it is safe to
fight an “early-stage” fire, and;
• APPLY the “P.A.S.S. method to
operate a portable extinguisher.
UNTRAINED PEOPLE
Cannot use a fire extinguisher safely
because they are:
FIRE
• UNABLE to evaluate a fire
SAFETY
• UNAWARE of DANGER due to...
• LACKING JUDGEMENT regarding:
– Safe and correct use of, and
– Limitations of portable extinguishers
WHY UNTRAINED PEOPLE
Can’t use a fire extinguisher safely
(continued):
INEXPERIENCED
FIRE • Don’t know about the proper type of
SAFETY
extinguisher
• Don’t know how to make a “Fight
or Flight” analysis
• Unfamiliar with the “P.A.S.S.
method”
COMMON FIRE CLASSIFICATIONS
“Ordinary” combustibles
Paper, wood, rubber, plastics
FIRE and textiles.
SAFETY
“Flammable liquids”
Oil, gasoline, solvents
“Energized circuits”
Electrical equipment
and computers
HOW THEY WORK:
• Works by cooling.
FIRE • Numerical rating indicates amount of agent,
SAFETY
duration, and range of discharge on test fires.
• Area of Class A fire which a “non-expert” can
extinguish, with proper training
– 1-A is equivalent on Class-A fire to five liters of water.
– 2-A contains has twice as much extinguishing agent.
HOW THEY WORK:
FIRE
SAFETY
• Works by blanketing the fuel.
• Interrupts chemical reaction at fuel surface.
• Class B ratings signify the area in square feet of
flammable liquid fire a unit will extinguish when
used, by a trained, “non-expert.”
HOW THEY WORK:
FIRE
SAFETY • Class “C” units have no numerical rating.
• A Class “C” rating doesn’t imply any capacity.
• Only indicates that the extinguishing agent is non-
conductive, safe on energized equipment.
• Works by displacing oxygen, smothering fire.
Portable Fire
Extinguishers
• Can be CARRIED to a fire
FIRE • Weigh from 5 to 30 pounds
SAFETY
• NFPA Class and Rating
Portable Fire
Extinguishers
LIMITED IN:
FIRE • Capacity - 1.5 to 25 lbs. of extinguishing agent
SAFETY
• Range - Typically 3 to 15 feet
• Duration - Discharge their contents in only 5 to 30
seconds!
Extinguisher
Common features
• Locking pin
• Carrying handle / operating lever
FIRE • Pressure gauge
SAFETY • Label :
– Type (Water, C02, Dry Chemical)
– Classification (A, B, C)
– NFPA capacity Rating
– Instructions
• Discharge nozzle or horn
COMMON TYPES OF
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:
FIRE
SAFETY
• WATER
• DRY CHEMICAL
• CO2 and Halon
WATER
• Water + CO2 propellant
FIRE
• ONLY for Class fires
SAFETY – wood / paper, etc.
• Spreads burning liquids!
• DANGER of electric shock if used on live
circuits!
DRY CHEMICAL
MULTI-PURPOSE RATED
Either Or
FIRE
SAFETY
• Best for general use:

• Reduced risk of re-ignition
• A 10 lb. unit empties in 8-10 secs.
– Effective range of 6 ft. to 15 ft.
C02 - Rated
• Best on burning liquids / electrical
• SHORT range - 3 to 8 ft.
FIRE • 10- pound unit empties in 5 to 10
SAFETY seconds!
– Use short spurts!
• DISPERSES QUICKLY!
– Continue applying after the fire is out!
• Unit gets VERY cold - hold properly
Halon
• Best for computers / electronics
• Weight-for-weight TWICE as effective as C02
FIRE
SAFETY • No residue, easy clean-up
• VERY SHORT range, 3 to 6 ft.
• Like C02, Discharges QUICKLY!
• Like C02, Disperses QUICKLY!
– Continue after flames are extinguished
In case of burning odor
or smoke:
• Call Emergency Number!
FIRE
• Notify Security
SAFETY • Disconnect Equipment
– Remove combustibles, if you can do
so without danger to yourself
• Notify Area Monitors
– and Emergency Safety Coordinator
REACT
upon discovery of fire or smoke
Remove persons in immediate danger!
FIRE
Ensure doors are closed! (confine fire/smoke)
SAFETY Activate the building alarm !
Call the Fire Department !
Treat ALL fires as DANGEROUS!
– Continue a complete building evacuation
– Do not attempt to fight a fire UNLESS you are
certified in use of a fire extinguisher !
Use a portable extinguisher
ONLY if the:
• Building is being evacuated (Fire alarm has been pulled)
• Fire Department has been called
FIRE
• Fire is NOT spreading (small and contained)
SAFETY
• EXIT IS CLEAR (fight fire with your back to an exit )
• Proper extinguisher is at hand, and...
– You have been trained and know how to use it!
– You use “Buddy System” - have someone back you up!
• Get assistance BEFORE trying to fight a fire!
Remember P.A.S.S.
the PASS PULL
word:
FIRE
SAFETY
AIM
1) Keep your back to
a clear escape route,
SQUEEZE
2) Stand back 6 to 8
feet from the fire,
SWEEP
3) Then >>:
PULL the pin
FIRE
SAFETY
AIM
LOW at the base of the fire
FIRE
SAFETY
SQUEEZE
LEVER
FIRE
SAFETY
SWEEP
from side to side
FIRE
SAFETY
OK, It’s out…
Now What?
FIRE
SAFETY • WATCH the fire area
– If the fire flares up again repeat!
– If you can’t control the fire, LEAVE immediately!
• Call the fire department to inspect the scene!
• Recharge or replace any used fire extinguisher!
Basic First Aid
FIRST AID
for
Medical
Emergencies
Session Objectives
•Recognize the benefits of obtaining

first-aid and CPR certification
FIRST
AID •Identify proper procedures for a variety
of medical emergencies
•Assist in administering first aid when a
co-worker is injured
•Do no further harm
Pre-quiz:
True or False?
•After an accident, immediately move the
victim to a comfortable position.
FIRST •If a person is bleeding, use a tourniquet.
AID
•Signs of a heart attack include shortness
of breath, anxiety, and perspiration.
•All burns can be treated with first aid
alone; no emergency medical attention
is necessary.
Help! Emergency!
•Minutes
could
FIRST make a
AID
difference
Assess the Scene
• Evaluate the scene
• Assess safety
FIRST
AID • Prioritize care
• Check for medical alert tags
• Do head-to-toe check
• Move only if necessary
No Breathing
•Administer CPR:
– Lay the person on his or her back
– Give chest compressions
– Tilt head slightly
FIRST – Breathe into the person’s mouth
AID – Continue until Emergency personnel arrive
Bleeding
– Stop the flow of
blood
– Wear gloves
FIRST – Cover the wound
AID – Apply pressure
– If a body part has
been amputated,
put it on ice
Shock
– Lay the victim down

– Cover
FIRST – Raise feet
AID
Heart Attack
– Call Ambulance
– Make victim
comfortable
– Loosen tight clothing
FIRST
AID – Check for medication
– Keep victim still
– Don’t give stimulants
Choking
– Ask a person to
speak
or cough
– Deliver 5 back blows
FIRST – Perform abdominal
AID thrusts
– Repeat sequence of
back blows and
abdominal thrusts
If Abdominal
Thrusts Don’t Work
– Call Emergency/First
Aider
FIRST – Finger sweep
AID – Abdominal thrusts
– Check ABCs
– Perform CPR if
not breathing
Electrical Shock
• Don’t touch!
• Turn power off
FIRST • Call Ambulance
AID • Remove person
from live wire
• Check for breathing
Match the problem with the correct first-aid procedure.
FIRST Bleeding CPR

AID
Choking Elevate feet
No breathing Keep victim still
Heart attack
Direct pressure
Shock
Abdominal thrusts
Sweeten deal
Review
•Do you understand first-
aid procedures for:
– No breathing?
FIRST
– Bleeding?
AID
– Shock?
– Heart attack?
– Choking?
– Electrical shock?
Eye Injuries
• Splashes
• Particles in eye
• Blow to eye
FIRST • Cuts near eye
AID • Penetrating objects
Burns
FIRST
AID
• First-degree burns—Reddened, painful skin

• Second-degree burns—Blistering
• Third-degree burns—Charring, deep tissue damage
Heat Exhaustion
– Move to cool place

– Lay victim down
FIRST
AID – Elevate feet
– Loosen clothing
– Give fluids
– Apply cool
compresses
Fainting
– Check for breathing
– Administer CPR if
FIRST necessary
AID – Call Ambulance if more
than
a few minutes
– If conscious, lay the
victim down with feet
elevated
Multiple choice
Which is the worst a. First degree

kind of burn? b. Third degree
FIRST
AID For a particle in a. Flush with water
the eye: b. Rub eye
For inhalation of a. Induce vomiting
vapors or gases: b. Move to fresh air
For heatstroke:
a. Call Ambulance
b. Don’t call Ambulance
•Medical emergencies can happen anytime.
•Act quickly, calmly, and correctly.
FIRST
AID •Consider being certified in first aid
and CPR.
www.sterlingandwilson.com

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What is work place EMERGENCY?

• A workplace emergency is an unforeseen

The best way is to prepare to respond to an emergency

An emergency action plan covers designated actions that

Procedures for assisting people with disabilities;

In the event of an emergency, local emergency officials

When preparing emergency action plan, designate

 Clearly marked and well lit;

How to account for employees after an Evacuation?

 Designate assembly areas where employees should

• If your company does not have a

 Medical personnel must be accessible to provide

 The best emergency action plans include employees

 Individual roles and responsibilities;

Your employees may need personal protective equipment to

• Best for general use:

•Recognize the benefits of obtaining

– Lay the victim down

FIRST Bleeding CPR

• First-degree burns—Reddened, painful skin

– Move to cool place

Which is the worst a. First degree

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